The article describes a program that reminds users to change their account password in a timely manner, in order to comply with information security requirements and prevent "hacks" and network attacks. The program is developed using a virtual machine (Virtual Box), followed by the installation of the Linux Mint operating system. The software is written in Python programming language, using libraries such as: notify2 (a package for displaying desktop notifications in Linux), schedule (a library for scheduling regular tasks), and other libraries. During the development of Python software for timely password change of the user, key functions were implemented that ensure security and convenience of work: checking the validity of the password, notifying the user.

Keywords: Cyber hygiene, password protection, cybersecurity, programming language, Astra Linux, operating system, graphic editor, software product, program, user account, information security, virtual machine

The practice of producing optical interference coatings shows that when using new thin-film materials, obtaining optical products with specified quality function requirements depends on the accuracy of their refractive index. The results of its evaluation on large frequency crystals differ, which does not allow narrowband filters with the required technical parameters. This article proposes an approach to estimating the parameters of the refractive index of a thin film based on solving the inverse synthesis problem, which is based on the experimental determination of the thickness of sprayed films using an X-ray fluorescence coating thickness analyzer and data on the reflection coefficient spectrum obtained using a broadband spectrophotometer. The numerical modeling carried out during the study showed that even if there are 5% tolerances for estimating the thickness of coatings, a fairly accurate determination of the refractive index can be expected. The correctness of the results of using this approach was verified by using a thin film with a known refractive index, which was also determined using the proposed method of numerical modeling of the reflection spectrum of the digital twin coating.

Keywords: interference coating, numerical modeling, reflection coefficient spectrum

The problem of the ultimate external pressure on a thick-walled concrete pipe internally reinforced with a metal pipe is considered. The pipe material is assumed to be ductile, not hardening under small deformations. The problem is solved under the assumption of plane strain. The stress state in the concrete mass and along the contact surface between the metal pipe and the concrete is investigated, assuming the concrete is in the ultimate limit state. A law for the change in the stress state in the concrete mass and a transcendental equation for determining the ultimate pressure on the outer surface of the concrete shell are derived. The ultimate uniformly distributed load acting on the outer surface of the concrete shell, within which the metal pipe is placed, is determined.

Keywords: concrete deformability, strength criterion, ultimate limit state, stress state in the concrete mass, ultimate pressure

The article forms the task of hierarchical classification of texts, describes approaches to hierarchical classification and metrics for evaluating their work, examines in detail the local approach to hierarchical classification, describes different approaches to local hierarchical classification, conducts a series of experiments on training local hierarchical classifiers with various vectorization methods, compares the results of evaluating the work of trained classifiers.

Keywords: classification, hierarchical classification, local classification, hierarchical presicion, hierarchical recall, hierarchical F-measure, natural language processing, vectorization

An algorithm has been developed and a program has been compiled in the Python programming language for calculating numerical values of the optimal lagged filtering operator for an L-Markov process with quasi-rational spectral density, which is a generalization of the Markov process with a rational spectrum. The construction of an optimal delayed filtering operator is based on the spectral theory of random processes. The calculation formula of the filtration operator was obtained using the theory of L-Markov processes, methods for calculating stochastic integrals, the theory of functions of a complex variable, and methods of trigonometric regression. An example of an L-Markov process (signal) with a quasi-rational spectrum is considered, which is interesting from the point of view of controlling complex stochastic systems. The trigonometric model was used as the basis for constructing a mathematical model of the optimal delayed filtration operator. It is shown that the values of the delayed filtering operator are represented by a linear combination of the values of the received signal at certain time points and the values of the sinusoidal and cosine functions at the same time points. It is established that the numerical values of the filtering operator significantly depend on the parameter β of the joint spectral density of the received and transmitted signals, and therefore three different tasks of signal transmission through different physical media were considered in the work. It is established that the absolute value of the real part of the filtration operator at all three intervals of the delay period change and in all three media exceeds the absolute value of the imaginary part by an average of two or more times. Graphs of the dependence of the real and imaginary parts of the filtration operator on the delay period t are constructed, as well as three-dimensional graphs of the dependence of the filtration operator itself with a delay on the delay period. The physical justification of the obtained results is given.

Keywords: random process, L-Markov process, noise, delayed filtering, spectral characteristic, filtering operator, trigonometric trend, standardized approximation error

A mathematical model has been constructed, an algorithm has been developed, and a program has been written in the Python programming language for calculating the numerical values of the optimal filtering operator with a forecast for an L-Markov process with a quasi-rational spectrum. The probabilistic model of the filtering operator formula has been obtained based on the spectral analysis of L-Markov processes using methods for calculating stochastic integrals, the theory of analytical functions of a complex variable, and methods for correlation and regression analysis. Considered an example of L-Markov process, the values of the optimal filtering operator with a forecast for which it was possible to express in the form of a linear combination of the values of the process at some moments of time and the sum of numerical values of cosines and sines at the same moments. The basis for obtaining the numerical values of the filtering operator was the mathematical model of trigonometric regression with 16 harmonics, which best approximates the process under study and has a minimum

Keywords: random process, L-Markov process, prediction filtering, spectral characteristics, filtering operator

The article describes the process of developing a volumetric display for information and communication interaction in the Arctic, where traditional means of visualization and communication face the challenges of extreme climate, isolation and limited infrastructure. An analysis of the main areas of using volumetric in the Arctic zone is carried out. The main disadvantages of methods for creating a volumetric image in existing 3D displays are considered. Taking into account the main tasks to be solved - creating the illusion of a three-dimensional object for a group of people (more than 2 people) at a wide viewing angle - a description and analysis of two main developed configurations of the optical system is given, the latter of which meets the requirements, ensuring stable operation in Arctic conditions and opening up prospects for implementation in remote and hard-to-reach regions of the Far North.

Keywords: volume display, arctic zone, 3D image, system analysis, lens, optical system, computer modeling

The paper considers the synthesis of a non-stationary automatic control system for braking the wheels of a heavy vehicle using the generalized Galerkin method. The research method under consideration is used to solve the problem of synthesizing a non-stationary system whose desired program motion is specified at the output of a nonlinear element. The paper presents the results of studying the impact of non-stationarity on the parameters of the fixed part of the system (object) on the deterioration of the quality of the transient process. For critical operating conditions, the parameters of the controller were recalculated, and the results of accounting for non-stationarity and re-synthesis were evaluated.

Keywords: automatic control system, regulator, braking system, unsteadiness of parameters, generalized Galerkin method

The article proposes the development of a mathematical model that includes an integrated approach to modeling the interaction of surfaces, taking into account the geometric features of the groove. An important aspect of the novelty of the work is its validation based on experimental data. To describe the movement of the lubricant in the working gap, a model is used that describes the movement of a truly viscous lubricant, including the continuity equation. The calculations and experiments performed have confirmed the adequacy of the proposed model, which indicates the possibility of its practical application for engineering analysis and design. The results of this work made it possible to improve the understanding of the mechanism of movement of the lubricant in radial sliding bearings having a polymer coating with an axial groove on the shaft surface. Studies have also shown that the presence of a groove on the shaft surface affects the pressure distribution, which, in turn, affects the tribotechnical parameters of the bearing. The introduction of the groove helps to distribute the lubricant more efficiently over the working gap, increase the bearing capacity of the bearing, reduce the coefficient of friction and reduce wear on the contact surfaces.

Keywords: radial bearing, wear resistance assessment, antifriction polymer coating, groove, hydrodynamic mode, verification

This paper proposes a mathematical model of the laminar flow of a truly viscous lubricant in the clearance of a radial plain bearing with a nonstandard support profile. The influence of a fluoroplastic-containing polymer coating and a groove on the shaft surface is considered, taking into account nonlinear effects, which improves the accuracy of the description of hydrodynamic processes. Thin-film approximations and continuity equations are used to determine the hydrodynamic pressure, load capacity, and friction coefficient. A comparison with existing calculation models demonstrated improved performance prediction. The results demonstrate the feasibility of ensuring stable shaft floatation, confirming the applicability of the developed model for engineering calculations of bearings with a polymer coating and a groove.

Keywords: radial plain bearing, mathematical modeling, true viscous lubricant, polymer composite coating, hydrodynamic regime, tribotechnical characteristics

This study's objective is to assess the extent to which Western architecture influences the design of hotel structures in post-colonial cities using Freetown as a case study. Using a qualitative approach, this study draws on historical records of post-colonial hotel buildings, interviews with architects, and employs a comparative case study to compare colonial hotel projects in Freetown. Most hotels built after colonization still maintained properties of Western influence. Some designs were transcended by architects, others by the owners of the projects themselves, asking architects to replicate the same designs they saw abroad.   Theoretically this study suggests and provides evidence of a borrowed model of architecture of hotels largely influenced by western architectural design styles for which this is not sustainable and Sierra Leone needs to find its own architectural language. This research adds to the cultural theory of transcending architecture, where hotels built in a post-colonial era still retain designs passed on from colonial masters. Not enough research has examined the postcolonial effects on the architecture of hotels in past colonized cities. 

Keywords: post-colonial, hotel design, Western influence, architecture

Experimental studies have been conducted on a method for obtaining a highly dispersed water-air mixture for flotation wastewater treatment using vortex mixing devices. In the course of experimental studies, the patterns of changes in the circumferential (radial) flow velocities of a single-phase liquid (pure water) in the annular space of the barrel of a vortex mixing device at different diameters of the central rod were determined. Experimental studies were carried out at different heights of the H trunk (0.5 m, 1 m, 1.5 m and 2 m) with and without enamel coating of the flow part

Keywords: flotation, dispersion, vortex mixing device, axial velocity, circumferential velocity, trajectory angle of incidence, enamel coating

The article examines the features of adaptive design in construction as a fundamental component for ensuring life safety in the zone of a special military operation. The modern world is changing at an incredible pace: climate anomalies are becoming more frequent, technological paradigms are being replaced within years, and social and economic conditions are undergoing constant transformations. Nowhere are these challenges manifested as acutely and concentratedly as in the zone of a special military operation (SMO). It is precisely here that the traditional approach to construction, focused on creating static, "frozen" objects, proves not only ineffective but also dangerous. It is being replaced by adaptive design – a philosophy and methodology that views a building or infrastructure object not as a final product, but as a living, evolving organism capable of evolving in response to direct threats and changing operational conditions. Adaptive design is a strategy for creating architectural objects and urban planning systems that can be easily modified, transformed, or repurposed in response to changes in external or internal conditions. In peacetime, this is a response to changing markets and technologies. In the zone of a special military operation, it is a matter of ensuring life safety. This is not simply post-factum repair or reconstruction, but the inherent ability of an object to instantly change its function and protective properties without radical rebuilding. The experience of the special military operation zone has openly proven that adaptive design is not an abstract idea from construction textbooks, but a critically important discipline upon which people's lives and the success of the assigned task depend. The principles of flexibility, modularity, and multifunctionality that are being tested today in extreme conditions will tomorrow become the new standard for the entire construction complex of the Russian Federation. They will form the basis for the restoration of cities, the creation of sustainable civil infrastructure, and the formation of new, anti-crisis architecture capable of withstanding the challenges of both wartime and peacetime. In the zone of a special military operation, architectural heritage is being tested and created, which will remain functional, in demand, and sustainable tomorrow. The future of construction belongs to those who design not for years, but for possibilities.

Keywords: adaptive construction, modern trends, modern design technologies, construction industry, construction processes, special military operation

The article considers the parameter identification issues of linear non-stationary dynamic systems adaptive models using the example of a linearized adjustable model of a DC motor with independent excitation. A new method for estimating the parameters of adjustable models from a small number of observations is developed based on projection identification and the apparatus of linear algebra and analytical geometry. To evaluate the developed identification method, a comparison of the transient processes of the adaptive model of a DC motor with independent excitation with the obtained parameter estimates with reference characteristics was carried out. The efficiency of the proposed identification method in problems of DC electric drive control is shown.

Keywords: DC motor, projection identification, dynamic system parameter estimation, adaptive model of non-stationary dynamic system

Analysis of a digital data transmission system through a noisy communication channel based on the Huffman compression method and encoding using cyclic Bose-Chowdhury-Hockingham codes This article examines the effectiveness of a digital data transmission system through a noisy communication channel using the Huffman compression method and cyclic BCH encoding (Bose-Chowdhury-Hockingham). Huffman compression reduces data redundancy, which increases the effective transmission rate, while BCH codes detect and correct errors caused by channel noise. The analysis likely includes evaluating parameters such as compression ratio, data transmission rate, error probability after decoding, and computational complexity of the algorithms. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this combination of techniques in improving data transmission reliability in noisy environments.

Keywords: digital transmission system, cyclic coding, compression ratio, decoding, encoding