The integration of blockchain technology with the Internet of Things (IoT) offers transformative potential for various sectors. This article delves into 16 distinct methods of integrating blockchain with IoT, emphasizing that there isn't a one-size-fits-all solution. Each method has its unique advantages and potential drawbacks, necessitating careful consideration based on specific IoT system requirements. For instance, integrating with public blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum offers transparency and decentralization but faces scalability issues. Sidechains introduce flexibility but might pose security risks. Blockchain platforms like Hyperledger Fabric expedite development but can lead to vendor lock-in. The diversity of these methods underscores the importance of a well-thought-out approach tailored to the specific needs of the IoT system in question. As technology evolves, we anticipate more innovative approaches to emerge, emphasizing the continuous need for research, experimentation, and collaboration to fully harness the potential of IoT and blockchain integration.

Keywords: blockchain , IOT , BIoT, smart contracts, IoT security

In order to negate the loss of strength, that can lead to collapse of constructions, we should take measures to prevent cracking. Every crack emersion in reinforced concrete indicates that the accumulated stress has been released in this area of the structure. The cause of cracks are internal tensile stresses that can occur due to internal processes in the element and from external loads on the structure. It is possible to eliminate cracks that have already appeared with the help of repair compounds that fill the volume of cracks in various ways. Injection, as one of the solutions, will help to maintain the strength and durability of the structure.

Keywords: cracking, concrete, reinforced concrete slab, crack, defect, deformation, strength, soil, repair compound, foundation, foundation slab, injection

The safety of hazardous production facilities is directly related to the reliable operation of pipeline systems, as a failure occurring in the elements of such systems can lead to serious consequences for production facilities and the environment. Since the greatest number of failures is associated with faults caused by corrosion, to increase reliability it is necessary to increase the corrosion resistance of metal of pipeline elements. The article gives an overview of materials for manufacturing parts, the influence of different climatic conditions on the mechanical properties of steels. The developed rotary gate designed for automatic prevention of reverse flow of working medium is also presented. To confirm the serviceability of the design, strength calculation of the structure was carried out, where its stress-strain state under the given loading conditions is considered. As a result, the values of maximum equivalent stresses, maximum deformations and displacements were obtained, which are lower than the maximum permissible ones.

Keywords: pipeline system, pipeline, shut-off valves, swing back gate, mathematical modelling, finite element method

The paper considers the operator model of the technological system for the production of caramel, assesses the stability of the subsystems and the content of the technological system. For a consistently stable caramel formation subsystem using the Shewhart map under specific production conditions, an analysis of the stability of the subsystem was carried out.

Keywords: operator model, subsystem, system integrity, process stability, control charts, average values, range

The work is devoted to the problems of strategic planning in the digital technology market. The aim of the work is to build a decision support procedure for choosing a strategy, based on internal (related to the characteristics of the firm choosing the strategy) and external (conditioned by the state of the market) factors. It is assumed that the elementary strategy is described by the type, direction and applied area of activity. In this case, the possibility of combining several elementary strategies is considered. The main result of the work is a procedure for choosing a combined strategy based on the application of a genetic algorithm. The use of the methodological apparatus of evolutionary calculations is due to the large number of possible options for combined strategies and the complexity of their evaluation, which makes a complete enumeration of options impractical. The final choice is made by the decision maker based on their own preferences.

Keywords: IT market, decision support, genetic algorithm

The reliability of assessing the amount of accumulated waste in the context of an imperfect scientific and methodological base for standardizing MSW, in the absence of generally accepted calculation methods, is not high enough. The possibility of using cluster analysis in the formation of a statistical sample of objects of a stationary trade network in setting standards for the accumulation of municipal solid waste is shown. A methodology for the formation of a representative statistical sample of objects of a stationary trading network has been developed when setting standards for the accumulation of solid municipal waste based on cluster analysis.

Keywords: waste accumulation, municipal solid waste, MSW generation standard, stationary trade network object, cluster analysis, representative sample

Electronics is the most capacious and rapidly developing industry in our country. Modern methods of designing electronic devices are unthinkable without the use of computer technology, in particular, specialized programs for computer analysis and modeling of circuit diagrams of the devices being developed. Intelligence is the key link in electronics at the present stage of its development. This is due to the emergence and widespread adoption of microcircuits such as microcontrollers. This aspect provides fundamentally new opportunities for solving a wide variety of tasks, including tasks of a strategic orientation that require prompt solutions. All this became possible primarily because devices based on a microcontroller require algorithmic and further software, which makes it possible to create intelligent systems and devices. One such device will be discussed in this article. The developed device is a system consisting directly of a control system, an actuating device, which is a decision-making device, a power unit and peripheral devices. The article explains the idea, the principle of operation of the developed device, the structural and schematic diagrams of the developed main blocks of the device, as well as their algorithmic support, which is based on the principle of intelligent control. The developed device is designed to automatically maintain the level of illumination at the level set by the operator in the premises of industrial enterprises.

Keywords: intelligent control, sensor unit, binary code, synchronization circuit, transistor switch, bus driver, optosimistor, control system, actuator, power unit

In the article the authors consider the influence of development institutions on the formation of the knowledge economy, it is proposed to evaluate their quality in the form of an index of institutional development. A method of evaluation based on objective indicators is proposed. A model for ranking regions is presented, including the calculation of indicators, on the basis of which a comprehensive integral assessment of the index of regional institutional development is carried out.

Keywords: knowledge economy, regional economy, innovation economy, innovation activity, socio-economic development, institutional infrastructure

The article provides a brief analysis of the processes that occur when starting an electric motor. Mathematical relations modeling the process of starting a direct current motor are presented. Graphical dependences allowing to determine parameters of a thermistor providing an optimum start-up of a direct current machine have been obtained.

Keywords: starting current, thermistor, starting rheostat, thermal characteristic, DC motor, boundary conditions, torque resistance, idealized rheostat, heat loss, economical starting

The article gives a brief analysis of thermal processes occurring during the start-up of an electric motor. Mathematical relations modeling the distribution of thermal energy in the thermistor during the process of starting the DC motor are presented. Graphic dependences are presented, which allow to make arrangement of thermoresistors for the starting rheostat and to determine parameters of the starting rheostat obtained in this way. Application of the starting rheostat made on the basis of thermistors, provide an optimal starting of a DC motor.

Keywords: control gears, thermistor, starting rheostat, DC motor, temperature, dynamic characteristic, form of starting current

The use of information technologies in the tasks of medical rehabilitation is an effective method, but it is often complicated by the problems of using standard control devices and input into the computer by people with motor impairments. The developed hardware and software complex allows one to obtain data on the orientation of the joint in space, "turning" them into the movement of the mouse pointer, allowing one to interact with computer software, instead of the mouse manipulator. By changing the sensitivity of the sensors, the process of rehabilitation of patients is corrected. The used component base of the complex being developed and the technologies used make it possible to form a significantly lower cost, the possibility of using it outside the clinic, working without the help of specialists, application in control actions with computer software not only for rehabilitation but also for people with disabilities. The paper defines the tasks and functions that are solved by the hardware and software complex. In the 3D editor, the body frame and the internal arrangement of components are modeled, hardware and software tools are selected to ensure the implementation of the project. The functional scheme of the "Limbtracker" device has been developed. During the execution of the project, the following was implemented: reading data from sensors and writing them to a text file, filtering data by the Kalman algorithm, calibration of the device.

Keywords: hardware and software complex, home rehabilitation, neurorehabilitation, STM32, microcontroller, device design, USB-hid

Automation of test question generation consists of four main stages. The first step is to determine the target sentence from which it will be possible to generate a test question. This article examines the existing methods for determining the target sentence Both foreign and Russian language sources are considered. The paper considers such methods as automatic text abstracting, similarity of syntactic analysis, a rule-based method, a method based on ranking by keywords, an algorithm for summarizing documents based on the frequency of words.

Keywords: automatic test questions generation, automatic text processing, natural language processing, automatic abstracting, annotation

The effect of a zeolite support on the physicochemical properties of cobalt catalysts prepared by the precipitation method and calcined at 400°C was studied. The values of the specific surface of the catalysts, the degree of cobalt reduction, and the dispersion of the metal were determined, and the presence of functional groups on the surface of the catalysts was determined by BET, TPV, TPD-H2, and IR spectroscopy.

Keywords: catalyst, cobalt oxide, hydrocarbons, dispersion, active surface

The effect of a zeolite support on the physicochemical properties of cobalt catalysts was studied on a series of samples with zeolites ZSM-5, HY, and NaX. The catalysts were obtained by precipitation followed by mixing the precipitate with a zeolite support. Their properties were characterized by BET, TPR, TPD-H2, IR spectroscopy. The results of the analysis show that the type of zeolite support affects the specific surface area, reduction of deposited cobalt, and the structural properties of the active component of catalytic systems.

Keywords: precipitated catalyst, cobalt, zeolite, dispersion, specific surface area, active component, synthetic fuel, degree of reduction

The article analyzes the impact of the transition to distance learning on the academic performance of students of the Institute of Computer Science, Electronics and Robotics. The disciplines are identified, the development of which does not cause difficulties in the remote format and disciplines to which such technologies are difficult to apply. Based on the findings, recommendations are given to improve the quality of education at the Institute.

Keywords: quality, distance technologies, academic performance, control card, alternative attribute