A study was conducted to examine the influence of anode material on heat dissipation efficiency in a plasma torch cooling system. Computer modeling was used to calculate thermal and hydrodynamic processes for anodes made of M1 copper, L63 brass, and BrO8Ts4 bronze. Copper achieved the highest heat dissipation efficiency due to its high thermal conductivity, as confirmed by a full-scale experiment. The results demonstrate that the choice of anode material is a key factor in improving the reliability and service life of a plasma torch.

Keywords: plasma torch, anode unit, copper, brass, bronze, heat sink, thermal conductivity, computer modeling, finite element method, cooling efficiency, thermal conditions

The article is devoted to the problem of verification of distributed algorithms using formal methods. The classical leader selection algorithm in ring topology, the ring algorithm, is chosen as the object of research. For its analysis, the specification language of the Temporal Logic of Actions (TLA+) is used. The paper presents a detailed formal model of the algorithm, describing its states and transitions, taking into account the features of distributed systems, such as the lack of shared memory. The key properties of correctness are formulated and proved: the uniqueness of the leader (the property of security), the finality of elections (the property of liveliness) and consent. The correctness of the specification was confirmed using the model model verifier of the language of temporal logic of actions, which exhaustively checked all achievable states for the model with three processes. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the Time Logic Specification language (TLA+) for providing a high degree of confidence in the reliability of distributed systems.

Keywords: formal verification, distributed systems, ring algorithm, leader selection, specification language for temporal logic of actions, model verification, security properties, vivacity properties.formal verification, distributed systems, ring algorithm

This study presents a method for preprocessing data sequences aimed at identifying and grouping different data files for subsequent use in training neural networks. An algorithm for file comparison based on the relative deviation of feature values ​​is proposed, taking into account boundary cases (zero and near-zero values). The implementation includes parallel processing to improve performance and the generation of detailed reports. The method is tested on a dataset containing 10,000 files with parameters of a chemical process in a laboratory reactor. The results demonstrate the method's effectiveness in identifying stationary regions and generating balanced training sets.

Keywords: вata preprocessing, relative deviation, machine learning, parallel computing, file grouping, computational fluid dynamics, chemical reactor

A vectorial diffraction model is presented for the focusing of a Gaussian laser beam with a wavelength of 800 nm by a parabolic metallic mirror with a diameter of 15 mm and a focal length of 150 mm. The model is based on a rigorous calculation of the reflected electromagnetic field using s- and p-polarization basis functions, complex Fresnel coefficients, and the Kirchhoff–Rayleigh surface integral. The reflective coating is characterized by a complex refractive index n = 0.145 + 4.5i, corresponding to silver in the near-infrared spectral range. The incident beam has a waist radius of 3 mm at the mirror’s vertex plane. The field distribution in the focal plane is numerically computed on a 300×300 grid over a ±30 μm region. Focus quality is evaluated using three criteria: total intensity, radial intensity distribution, and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the focal spot. A focal spot with FWHM ≈ 8.56 μm is obtained, in close agreement with the theoretical diffraction-limited estimate. The results demonstrate that accounting for the vectorial nature of the field and the dissipative properties of the metal enables accurate prediction of polarization distortions and energy losses in practical mirror-based focusing systems.

Keywords: vectorial diffraction model, parabolic metallic mirror, Gaussian laser beam, Fresnel coefficients, complex refractive index

Modern telemedicine is developing unevenly across the globe, and there are objective reasons for this. This article analyzes modern information and computing systems and technologies used for diagnosing and treating patients. This article provides a brief history of telemedicine as a technical means of providing medical care and provides examples of the use of information technology in Russian and global medical practice. Key approaches to the use of large-scale language models as a technological core to assist healthcare professionals in making professional decisions are explored. Examples of optimization of diagnostic and treatment processes using digital technologies are analyzed. The author attempts to analyze the latest scientific achievements in the use of information technologies in medicine, with the aim of demonstrating the transition to a new level of quality of medical services through the use of information and computing systems.

Keywords: telemedicine, digital technologies, large language models, medical diagnostics, medical practice, technology analysis, history of telemedicine, comparative analysis, digital transformation, systems analysis

The article describes the development of an application software designed for the automated creation of ornamental compositional patterns based on user-uploaded motifs. The study discusses algorithms for ornament generation using five grid types: square, rectangular (horizontal and vertical), ribbon, and radial. The main principles of user interaction with the program are outlined, including image uploading, parameter adjustment, visualization, and result saving. The software was implemented in Python using the Pillow and Tkinter libraries, which provide tools for image processing and graphical interface design. The presented results demonstrate the efficiency of an automated approach to ornament construction, significantly accelerating the design process and making it accessible to a wide range of users. The developed program supports iterative experimentation and visual modification of motifs in real time, enabling users to generate unique decorative compositions in the style of traditional folk crafts. The application can be used in educational, creative, and research contexts, promoting algorithmic thinking through visual experimentation. The project contributes to the digital preservation and reinterpretation of national artistic heritage, combining the traditions of folk ornamentation with modern technological methods.

Keywords: digital tools, ornament, generation, application software, graphical interface, Python, generation algorithms, cultural heritage, digital art, automation, folk arts and crafts

A protective coating based on carboxymethylcellulose and zinc powder has been developed. It was established that the incorporation of zinc and the plasticizer glycerol into the polymer matrix leads to an increase in adhesion and mechanical strength of the coatings—from 5.1 MPa to 15.5 MPa and from grade 4 to grade 0, respectively. The morphology of the coating was examined using optical microscopy. It was shown that zinc particles are relatively uniformly distributed within the polymer matrix, and their aggregation decreases upon glycerol addition. Digital images of the coatings were used to quantitatively evaluate the fraction of zinc particles located at the coating–substrate interface. Due to particle sedimentation, the particle fraction at the interface exceeds that on the surface by 10–20%, which improves the coating’s adhesion to the substrate. The coating was found to be resistant to acidic and alkaline media, organic solvents, and alcohols.

Keywords: carboxymethylcellulose, zinc powder, coating, mechanical strength, adhesion, chemical resistance

The study examined two broad areas—ecology and socioeconomics— including the assessment and management of environmental and social risks, determining resource efficiency and pollution prevention, and analyzing factors for sustainable natural resource management. The authors conducted a study of activities that had a negative impact on the environment and local population during project implementation. These activities were examined across the three main phases of project implementation: construction, operation, and liquidation. The results were used to determine factors and categories of impact on the economy and employment, the safety and well-being of the local population, social tensions, land ownership and land use.

Keywords: pollution prevention, environmental risks, project implementation phases, environmental protection, emergency response plan, negative impact factors, social tension, environmental factor monitoring, physical stability criteria

Due to the active development of the Northern and Arctic regions, modern damping materials for transport and construction infrastructure are subject to increased demands in terms of performance at low ambient temperatures. Theoretically, it has been shown that the restriction of segmental mobility and cold crystallization of polymers lead to an increase in stiffness and a decrease in damping and sealing functions. Formulations evolve through a controlled combination of base polymers, the introduction of "smart" fillers, technologically active additives, and the hybridization of elastomeric matrices. The evaluation of the low-temperature performance of elastomers is carried out based on the results of regulatory operational tests that simulate the maximum operating conditions of the product, and thermoanalytical / viscoelastic methods that reveal the physical nature of the transition to vitrification. However, these methods often lead to disparate results, are quite complex and require special high-precision equipment. In this regard, a method is proposed for rapid assessment of the low-temperature performance of elastomers based on the temperature dependence of Shore A hardness with the allocation of the T*hard criterion (fracture HRA(T)), which correlates with the glass transition temperature Tg, the brittleness temperature and the coefficient of frost resistance. The approbation was carried out on six polymer compositions of different nature, which showed that rubber elastomers (TPRK/TPRK-D) retain a highly elastic state up to minus 60 ° C (without the HRA(T) plateau), while thermoplastics demonstrate a sharp increase in hardness with saturation from minus 20 ° C, which indicates glass transition and limitation of use at lower temperatures. Statistical consistency (σ ≤ 3.6 units Shore A) confirms the reliability of the method. The proposed method is technologically advanced, recipe-sensitive, and suitable for primary ranking of frost resistance of seal and damper materials.

Keywords: elastomers, low-temperature performance, glass transition temperature, temperature limit of brittleness, coefficient of frost resistance, express assessment of low-temperature performance of elastomers based on the temperature dependence of Shore A

An integrated approach to the numerical study of forced oscillations of a vehicle moving over an uneven road surface is proposed. The method combines 3D parametric modeling in SolidWorks with spectral-correlation analysis in MATLAB/Simulink. A multibody CAD model of a vehicle with independent suspension for all wheels was developed, including the main frame, lever suspensions with nonlinear elastic-damping elements, wheels, and the powertrain. The road microprofile was formalized using a correlation function implemented as a random process in MATLAB and imported into SolidWorks as a spatial profile. Dynamic analysis was performed using the SolidWorks Motion module. The results show that the vehicle's suspension exhibits a filtering effect, attenuating high-frequency disturbances from the road and shifting the dominant frequency of the center of mass oscillations to a lower range (~0.4 Hz). The rapid decay of the autocorrelation function indicates effective damping. This approach allows for efficient virtual testing without costly physical experiments.

Keywords: vehicle dynamics, road microprofile, multibody modeling, SolidWorks Motion, MATLAB/Simulink, spectral analysis, autocorrelation function, suspension filtering effect, forced oscillations

The paper investigates the improvement of methods for computing the concentration of nanoparticles in transparent liquids under the action of laser radiation. The exact solution of the third boundary value problem for the Einstein–Fokker–Planck equation is analyzed, the direct use of which in the Maple computer algebra system leads to computational instabilities at large values of the transfer parameter. A solution to the problem of unstable numerical calculations at high values of dimensionless parameters, leading to significant distortions of the result, is presented. The key result is to expand the working range of the transfer parameter and ensure the correct asymptotic behavior of the solution. Numerical experiments have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach, which makes it a valuable tool for modeling and optimizing the processes of laser separation of nanoparticles.

Keywords: nanosuspension, laser radiation, concentration of nanoparticles, continuity equation, third boundary value problem, computer calculations, Maple

The purpose of the work was to develop a model of maintaining balance in accordance with the parameters of the human body, which ensures the function of maintaining the body's balance in space. The key indicator of stable balance is the center of mass (CM) of the human body. The stability of the posture is ensured by the projection of the center of mass (CM) within the support area. The article describes two models that assess the displacement of the CM projection relative to the support area. The principle of operation of the models is based on pendulum motion in the sagittal plane (forward-backward movements) and the frontal plane (lateral movements). The model includes a comprehensive visualization of the CM projection on the support area in real time, as well as a quantitative assessment of stability by counting the percentage of time spent in the support area. The model provides a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in maintaining equilibrium.

Keywords: balance maintenance mechanisms, modeling, biomechanics, and the center of mass

Ring-shaped reinforced concrete structures are widely used in construction. For example, in the form of underground pipelines. They experience a complex nonlinear deformed state (VAT), which is analytically described as a complex mathematical problem of mechanics. Therefore, numerical methods are often used to solve it. This article uses the finite element method (FEM) implemented in the Lira-CAD 2022 PC. The VAT of reinforced concrete pipelines is determined in a physically nonlinear formulation, taking into account 4 factors of influence: the inner diameter, the concrete class, the properties of the filling soil, and the properties of the foundation soil. A plan has been drawn up for a complete multifactorial numerical experiment, which includes 81 models. The values of internal force factors in all sections of the underground pipeline are obtained, taking into account the variation of each factor individually and taking into account their mutual influence. Combinations of factors giving extreme values of internal forces in the pipeline have been established. Based on this, recommendations for rational design have been developed.

Keywords: underground pipeline, reinforced concrete, computer modeling, longitudinal profile, cross section, PC "Lira-CAD"

This article examines the problem of obtaining three-dimensional images of an object using digital holography. Several methods based on holographic interferometry exist: the offset source method, the immersion method, the dual-wavelength method, and the use of a low-coherence illumination source. Each of the methods discussed has its own advantages and disadvantages. In most cases, quantitative information about the relief parameters is required. However, the poor quality of topographic fringes and the problem of determining the sign during relief determination cause significant difficulties in volume determination. These problems can be overcome by using a simple method of determining the volume using two stereo images reconstructed from holograms and subsequent refinement using one of the methods for obtaining holographic topographic maps. This paper demonstrates a method for determining a three-dimensional image using two stereo images of an object reconstructed from digital holograms. long exposure and development time, which is usually done separately from the optical setup. In the case of holographic interferometry systems, it is necessary to provide for mounting the hologram back into the optical setup with sufficiently high accuracy. Therefore, digital holography methods have been developed to record holograms on photomatrices with limited resolution. These methods are based on the use of optical schemes at small angles (less than 5 degrees) between interfering beams. Recently, sensors with a single element size of 1.33 µm and 0.56 µm have appeared. This resolution makes it possible to return to registration schemes with angles between interfering beams of 30-60 degrees. This allows us to hope for the revival of holographic methods and methods of holographic interferometry at the modern level without the use of intermediate recording media.

Keywords: obtaining holograms and reconstructing images from them, digital holography, spatial resolution of holograms, stereo images, reconstruction of volumetric images

The article proposes a new technique for automating the screening of radiation diagnostics of employees of enterprises using elements to support medical decision-making, in particular, the U-shaped architecture of a convolutional neural network with a dual attention mechanism. A special feature of the architecture is the use of an attention mechanism based on "compression and excitation" blocks, which makes it possible to improve the quality and accuracy of digital medical data analysis, taking into account the features of computed tomography images.

Keywords: machine learning, convolutional neural network, computed tomography, architecture, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

This article introduces the FCA (Filtration Capacitive Analysis) software suite, designed for interpreting well test data from complex well configurations, including horizontal wells with multistage hydraulic fracturing (MSHF) in low-permeability reservoirs. The system employs a modular client-server architecture, ensuring scalability and reliability. The implemented numerical methods address key challenges in well test interpretation, such as data preprocessing with advanced filtering techniques (e.g., Kalman filter, Savitzky-Golay filter, and convolutional autoencoders) and solving the inverse problem using filtration-capacitance invariants and the superposition principle. Practical application results demonstrate FCA's effectiveness in estimating formation flow capacity properties and well parameters. Validation against industry-standard simulator KAPPA Saphir confirmed FCA's higher sensitivity to model correctness, reducing interpretation ambiguity and ensuring reliable industrial deployment.

Keywords: well test interpretation, low-permeability reservoir, filtration-capacitance analysis, inverse problem, software architecture, client-server, convolutional autoencoder, superposition principle, misfit minimization, multistage hydraulic fracturing

This article examines the integration of traditional and digital methods in contemporary architectural practice and education. The aim of the study is to identify the optimal balance between these approaches in the professional training of architects. Based on an analysis of historical experience, modern educational programs, and theoretical concepts, their unique advantages and limitations are identified. The research methodology includes a comparative analysis and a sociological survey of students at an architectural and construction educational institution. Manual drawing retains a critical role in conceptual exploration and the development of creative thinking, despite the dominance of digital tools as a mandatory market requirement (the survey results confirm the trend toward a hybrid approach). It is concluded that a synthesis of traditional and digital methods in curricula is necessary to prepare architects capable of innovation without losing the artistic component of the profession.

Keywords: Architectural design, hand-drawn graphics, digital technologies, BIM, parametricism, architectural education, professional competencies, integration of methods

The paper is devoted to the problem of optimizing the trajectories of parallel robots in the positioning process. The problem of minimizing the duration of the robot positioning cycle in order to increase its productivity is discussed. A new optimization problem has been formulated, aimed at minimizing the total mileage of electric drives during the cycle in order to increase the energy efficiency of the robot. The objective functions of optimization problems based on modified metrics are proposed: Manhattan and Chebyshev. A comparison of the efficiency of using optimal trajectories instead of the "obvious" ones was carried out for various parallel robots: planar, tripod, and delta robots. Conclusions are drawn about the basic requirements for the trajectory of the robot to ensure maximum productivity and energy efficiency.

Keywords: parallel robot, performance, duration of the positioning cycle, energy efficiency, electric drive mileage, objective function, Chebyshev metric, Manhattan metric, optimal trajectory, comparative modeling, planar robot, tripod robot, delta robot

The paper presents a technique for integrating three-dimensional solid-state models developed in the CAD SolidWorks environment into the MATLAB/Simulink dynamic modeling environment. A key element of the research is the use of the Simscape Multibody module to transform geometric data and kinematic relationships into a multi-mass dynamic model. The technique has been tested using the example of creating a virtual prototype of a steering wheel platform.

Keywords: SolidWorks, MATLAB/Simulink, Simscape Multibody, Virtual prototype, steering kinematics, end-to-end design, multi-mass dynamic modeldiversification, production and technical goals to ensure production flexibility

During the restoration of buildings in the construction industry, mechanized waste removal from work areas and construction sites is often neglected. This poses a safety risk to both people and the environment due to high levels of dust in the air. Dozens of new buildings appear in modern megacities every year. This trend has its pitfalls. In particular, the increasing number of construction sites makes the problem of construction waste removal particularly pressing. Currently, two methods are primarily used to remove construction waste from construction sites: throwing waste out of windows and lowering waste down stairs or scaffolding. The advantage of the first option is the quick solution. However, throwing waste out of windows raises environmental and safety concerns. The second method is considered safer, but it requires significant physical effort. Therefore, a construction waste chute is currently the most effective solution to this problem.

Keywords: technosphere safety, safety management, construction waste, environmental pollution, monitoring

The article discusses the current issue of dangerous natural and anthropogenic processes. It provides a general description of these processes. The article analyzes the risks associated with anthropogenic processes and natural phenomena. Special attention is given to modern methods of monitoring and forecasting dangerous anthropogenic and natural processes.

Keywords: dangerous natural processes, dangerous man-made processes, consequences of dangerous processes, accidents, man-made threats, natural disasters, risk factors, systematic approach

The paper considers the solution of the problem of synthesis of a multiconnected nonlinear system with polynomial and piecewise linear approximations. The generalized Galerkin method is used as a mathematical apparatus. The synthesis results and advantages of each of the approximations are presented.

Keywords: multivariable automatic control systems, parametric synthesis, nonlinear automatic control systems, generalized Galerkin method, polynomial approximation, piecewise-linear approximation, saturation, minimization, objective function, recurrent relations

The article presents a study of various approaches to implementing micro-frontend architecture in high-load web applications. It describes a comparative analysis of four main micro-frontend integration patterns: Module Federation, Single-SPA, Web Components, and iframe approach. An experimental performance study of each pattern was conducted, measuring key loading and interaction metrics

Keywords: micro-frontends, web architecture, Module Federation, Single-SPA, high-load systems, web application performance