The Persian Mosque in Astrakhan is a unique architectural monument reflecting Persian cultural heritage in Russia. This historical structure features exquisite decorative patterns, carved ornaments, and tall minarets. Domes and columns emphasize the Eastern style, while windows harmoniously complement the building's appearance. The interior decoration matches the exterior: rich Eastern motifs create a solemn atmosphere. The mosque attracts tourists and art enthusiasts, serving as a symbol of cultural exchange. Its study enriches knowledge of Persian architecture and boosts tourism in the region. Preservation of such an object is vital for future generations.

Keywords: persian Mosque, Astrakhan, architecture, decorative patterns, minarets, domes, cultural heritage

This study analyzes organizational models of international film studio complexes as a distinct type of architectural and urban-planning facility within the creative industries, providing a full cycle of audiovisual production. The relevance of the research is driven by the growth of film production and the competition among territories to attract projects. Existing approaches more often focus on economic and geographical aspects and do not sufficiently address spatial and planning solutions. This creates a need to systematize the territorial organization of film studio complexes and to substantiate design principles that reconcile requirements for technological enclosure with the tasks of integration into the urban environment. A comparative analysis of existing film studio complexes is carried out to identify the key parameters of such facilities. A typology comprising three models is proposed: the production precinct, the cinema city, and the media city. These types reflect differences in functional structure and in the nature of interactions with the urban environment.

Keywords: film studio complex, international film production, typology, cinema city, media city, creative industry, functional zoning, architectural and spatial organization

This article substantiates the relevance of designing foundations for 35 kV overhead line anchor-angle supports for the challenging engineering and geological conditions of Karelia. Based on load analysis and a comparison of foundation types, their operational and technological characteristics are identified. A technical and economic assessment confirmed the superiority of pile solutions. The conclusion is differentiated: pile foundations are recommended for soft, waterlogged soils, while precast reinforced concrete foundations are suitable for strong foundations with developed infrastructure. The results are applicable to regions with similar conditions.

Keywords: 35 kV overhead power lines, anchor-angle support, transmission line support foundations, mushroom-shaped foundation, pile foundation, engineering and geological conditions of Karelia, water-saturated soils, frost heaving of soils, load calculation

The paper theoretically substantiates and experimentally verifies the design of a combined double-acting anchor combining a pile part (compression work) and a wire with a conical tip (pulling work). It has been found that the bearing capacity of a wire anchor exceeds that of a pile by 20-25 times due to the involvement of the soil cone in the work. The influence of geometric parameters on the pulling force was determined by the method of a complete factor experiment. A support and anchor foundation with an insulating shell has been developed to ensure operation under variable loads. Technical solutions are protected by patents of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: combined anchor, two-way action, wire anchor, pile element, conical tip, mathematical planning of the experiment, support and anchor foundation, insulator, bearing capacity, pulling load

The problem of accounting for additional costs in difficult construction conditions caused by the lack of clear criteria and methods for justifying the coefficients of tightness is considered. It is proposed to abandon the use of standard coefficients and switch to the mandatory introduction of technological maps that make it possible to more accurately assess real costs and increase the transparency of the pricing process. This approach helps to reduce the risk of conflicts between construction participants, improve the quality of control and increase the investment attractiveness of projects.

Keywords: construction, conditions, costs, methodology, coefficient, constraint, calculation, norm, process, resource, technology, map, justification, cost increase, factor

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of heavy concrete made using gravel aggregate from the Sitinsky deposit (Khabarovsk Krai). The tests were conducted in the TSU laboratory on cube samples (100×100×100 mm) and prisms (100×100×400 mm) in accordance with GOST 10180-2018 and GOST 24452-2023. It has been determined that the average concrete strength varies from 40.4 to 46.0 MPa, and the modulus of elasticity varies from 25,982 to 30,539 MPa, depending on the granulometric composition of the aggregate. These findings confirm the high quality of local raw materials and their suitability for the production of B30 and higher-class concrete.

Keywords: concrete, gravel, Sitinsky deposit, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, field tests

This article focuses on quality assurance in monolithic reinforced concrete construction. It analyzes common defects such as poor compaction, cracks, and reinforcement corrosion. A key finding is that a defect's severity critically depends on its location within the building structure; for instance, flaws in underground walls exposed to moisture are far more critical than identical ones in upper floors.
The study identifies inconsistencies in current Russian standards for assessing structural condition. To address this, the authors propose a new, more precise five-point scoring system to rank defect criticality. This system considers multiple parameters and the extent of damage, and its validity was confirmed through an expert survey and statistical analysis
Finally, the article systematizes the root causes of defects arising during preparation and construction phases. It concludes with practical recommendations to minimize risks, emphasizing enhanced multi-stage quality control, strict adherence to technology, and workforce training to improve the overall reliability of concrete structures.

Keywords: reinforced concrete structures, defects in reinforced concrete structures, defect classification by technical condition category, causes of defects in reinforced concrete structures, reduction of defect occurrence

This article examines numerical modeling of a support joint in a glulam frame structure. Traditionally, hinge joints in frame structures have been constructed as a system of welded plates. In chemically aggressive environments, the use of steel is difficult. Replacing steel elements with polymer composite plates can ensure the required service life. The plates are made using a polyester or acrylic binder with increased resistance to aggressive chemical environments. Composite plates are much lighter than metal, making installation quicker, simpler, and easier, significantly reducing labor costs. Composite fiberglass profiles are easy to process—they can be sawed, drilled, milled, and easily assembled with bolts and adhesives.

Keywords: spacer frame structure, steel plate, polymer composite material, modulus of elasticity, volumetric weight, horizontal deformation, support reaction, isofields of displacements

This article examines the results of a comprehensive study of crack formation processes in flexural and tensile reinforced concrete structures.
A method for calculating reinforced concrete beams is proposed, allowing for the determination of crack spacing, confirmed by experimental studies of finite element models and physical specimens. The results of this study are aimed at improving the reliability, durability, and design efficiency of modern reinforced concrete structures.

Keywords: reinforced concrete, crack formation processes; crack spacing, pre-stressed, numerical simulation, software package, bonding, calculation method, stretching, bending

The article is devoted to the study of the architectural and typological development of river transport infrastructure facilities on the Don River. The relevance of the topic is determined by the revival of river passenger transportation and the need to design a contemporary system of facilities for its operation. The study examines the typology and characteristics of the main elements of river infrastructure (ports, piers, pontoons, floating landing stages, river terminals, and pavilions), as well as the stages of their development, functional transformations in the course of evolution, and the influence of transport factors on design solutions. The research establishes that the formation of typological prototypes of river transport infrastructure on the Don River is shaped by the development of navigation and technological progress in river transport, the growth of transportation volumes, socio-economic and natural-urban planning conditions, the capital intensity of structures, and their architectural significance; at the same time, the system of facilities evolves from utilitarian forms to a multi-level, multifunctional structure integrated into the transport network and the spatial image of riverfront territories. Ports and piers form the framework of the river transport network, river terminals act as key nodes for organizing passenger flows and integrating transport and public functions, river pavilions ensure the connectivity of local routes and the continuity of passenger service in urban and suburban environments, while pontoons and floating landing stages provide adaptability of the infrastructure to complex hydrological conditions. Taken together, these typological models constitute an integral, hierarchically organized river transport infrastructure system oriented toward sustainable development and the comprehensive use of riverfront territories.

Keywords: river transport, river transport system, river transport berthing infrastructure, port, pier, floating terminal (debarkader), pontoon, river passenger terminal, river transport architecture

A fine-grained concrete mix based on fine sand and modified with a complex three-component additive including metakaolin, a superplasticizer, and a hardening accelerator has been developed. The study was conducted using the Box-Behnken factorial design and mathematical modeling in the R environment. The obtained values of compressive strength, flexural strength, and average density exceed those of the control composition. The research results were analyzed for reliability, descriptive statistics were obtained, and their correlation analysis was performed. A quadratic regression model of compressive strength was constructed and three-dimensional surfaces for the studied response functions were visualized. It was established that the synergistic effect of the complex additive is due to matrix compaction, a decrease in the water-cement ratio, and acceleration of the hydration process. The results confirm the possibility of using fine-grained concrete modified with a complex additive for the manufacture of prefabricated and monolithic structures, additive technologies, and have the potential to reduce the carbon footprint.

Keywords: fine-grained concrete, fine sand, three-component additive, model, polynomial regression, descriptive statistics, response surface, strength

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the unique architectural and sacred ensemble located in the Bareer tract in Ingushetia, which is an important monument of the medieval cultural heritage of the North Caucasus. The article examines in detail the architectural features of the tower structures, their typology, functions, and symbolism. The author provides a detailed analysis of the planning structure, construction techniques, and compares the architectural elements with their counterparts in the North Caucasus, emphasizing the uniqueness of the complex and its relationship with the landscape.
The conducted comprehensive analysis suggests that this ensemble was a common patronage center that united various peoples of the North Caucasus and performed a sacred function associated with the goddess Tusholi. The presence of a well-thought-out architectural composition, key elements, and access routes confirms the hypothesis of the complex's religious purpose.

Keywords: architecture, ensemble, Baer, monument, medieval heritage, tower structures, sacred function, rituals, petroglyphs, cult complexes, temples

Instrumental monitoring during construction in dense urban areas plays a particularly important role due to the increased risks to surrounding buildings and infrastructure. Thorough planning, effective risk management, and collaboration with stakeholders can help minimize the negative impacts of construction in dense urban areas and ensure the safety of people and surrounding buildings. Monitoring is not only focused on ensuring the safety of the construction site, but also on protecting the supporting structures during the construction of new foundations. Excavation near existing foundations can cause loads that lead to deformation and even collapse of neighboring buildings.

Keywords: dense development, structural scheme, areas of influence, construction, precipitation assessments, existing development, operation, structural scheme of the building, construction methods, production organization

The location of large logistics centers in mountainous terrain areas requires, as a rule, the installation of protective retaining walls. Construction conditions are often complicated by anthropogenic changes in the terrain in the form of embankments, recesses, technological sites and driveways, as well as communication corridors. In these conditions, in the presence of flooding and seismicity of the site, it is necessary to install wall drainage and surface drainage from the structures of the retaining walls. The paper presents solutions for the drainage of backfilling sinuses of retaining protective walls, depending on the engineering-geological, engineering-hydrogeological conditions of the territories and the structure of the structure. In particular, for walls with a height of more than 3.6 m and the possibility of draining drainage water to the front of the structure, it is recommended to install a wall drainage with geotextile on a layer of greasy clay at the level of the outdoor blind area and reverse drainage filling of the GPS. For walls up to 3.6 m high and prohibiting drainage to the neighboring territory, the most acceptable option would be a wall-mounted drainage with water drainage along the drainage pipe to the edge of the structure.

Keywords: retaining wall, man-made soils, flooding of the territory, seismicity of the site, established groundwater level, wall drainage, draining backfill

The data of studies on the effectiveness of anionic and cationic flocculants used for reagent treatment of Sura River water during a flood together with aluminum sulfate coagulant are presented. In experiments, 2 anionic polyelectrolytes (K-4043 and PAA) and 3 cationic ones (VPK-402, K-6735 and K-6841) were studied, the flocculating ability of which was assessed by turbidity, permanganate oxidizability, residual concentration of aluminum ions and the color of water after two-stage purification by settling and filtration. The most significant results in the quality of natural water purification from organic and mineral impurities were obtained using cationic polyelectrolytes with a high molecular weight (about 107), which reduced the required coagulant doses by 33% compared with experiments using aluminum sulfate and polyacrylamide. The results of the laboratory studies presented in the article can be used at water treatment plants for river water treatment during the flood period.

Keywords: surface source water, coagulation, anionic and cationic flocculants, sedimentation, filtration, purification efficiency

Using sedimentation analysis, we studied the particle size distribution of natural binders (dolomite, limestone, marl, shale, gypsum, anhydrite, bentonite, and cement) used as repair and restoration mortars. We determined their particle size distribution, calculated their specific surface area, and proposed hypotheses regarding the influence of grinding on the reactivity of natural materials. It was noted that optimal dispersion promotes accelerated hardening, increased strength, and improved compatibility with historical materials, while excessive grinding can increase water demand and cause shrinkage deformations.

Keywords: repair and restoration compounds; specific surface area; particle size distribution; dispersion; dolomite; limestone; gypsum; bentonite; anhydrite; sedimentation analysis

The article is devoted to the study of linear capital construction objects - engineering structures with a significant length and small width (using the example of water pipelines), which have an independent real estate status. The relevance of increasing the efficiency of their overhaul, taking into account uncertainty and risks, is justified. The paper systematized the classification of artificially created inland waterways, identified key factors of repair efficiency, analyzed risks and methods for their minimization. Practical testing of the proposed solutions was carried out on the example of emergency sections of the Evpatoria water pipeline.

Keywords: capital construction object, linear object, efficiency, overhaul, uncertainty, risk, classification of linear objects, methods of overcoming obstacles, schedule of overhaul works, structure of overhaul costs

This paper presents a comprehensive synthesis of the main results of a doctoral study aimed at developing an engineering-based methodology for modeling and evaluating complex infrastructure systems using digital monitoring data. The study is conducted using selected cities in Iran and Turkey as representative case studies and integrates engineering modeling approaches within a unified analytical framework.
The proposed methodology combines structural equation modeling, multi-criteria decision analysis, and life cycle assessment with operational data obtained from digital monitoring systems based on Internet of Things technologies. As an applied engineering tool, a water leakage detection system is used to collect quantitative performance indicators of water supply networks, including non-revenue water losses, leakage detection time, energy consumption, and associated CO₂ emissions.
The results demonstrate that the integration of real-time monitoring data with advanced engineering modeling methods enables a more accurate and operationally meaningful assessment of infrastructure performance. Comparative analysis reveals both common patterns and system-specific differences in the effectiveness of leakage detection and network operation across the studied cities. The proposed approach can be applied as a scalable engineering framework for data-driven analysis and optimization of water supply systems

Keywords: engineering modeling, digital monitoring, water supply systems, water leakage, hydraulic parameters

The article examines the criteria for the mechanical strength of pipelines made of steel and polyethylene pipes when the pressure category is increased as part of the reconstruction of gas distribution networks. The minimum values of the pipe wall thickness are determined, taking into account the maximum allowable values of the temporary resistance and yield strength of the pipe material. It is determined that the conditions for the optimal pipe wall thickness are met for the entire range of steel pipes used. For polyethylene pipes, the required mechanical strength depends on the standard size coefficient. 

Keywords: polyethylene gas pipelines, dynamic load, stability of the circular cross-section, external pressure

This article examines the results of computer simulations of adhesive bond tear testing. Simulation models of adhesive bond tearing were constructed taking into account two stages of sample testing, the geometric structure, and the physical and mechanical properties of the materials and adhesive. The modeling took into account the statistical dispersion of parameters at the micro-level of the process. The article describes the algorithm for the sample testing process and evaluates its behavior depending on the values ​​and variations of the material parameters.

Keywords: Computer simulation, model, tear test, adhesive bond, material strength, simulation results, stress concentration

This article discusses numerical modeling of a plywood roof panel based on a finite element model. The modeling of the panel skins was performed taking into account the orthotropy of the plywood. When calculating the roof panel's deformability, it is necessary to account for the reduction in structural rigidity during operation by introducing a reduction factor. A computational study of the roof structure's deformability allowed us to establish a coefficient for the utilization of the roof panel's cross-section rigidity.

Keywords: plywood roofing board, glued laminated board element, modulus of elasticity, volumetric density, Poisson's ratio, design span, standard load, four-node finite element, section moment of inertia

The article discusses the problems and prospects of introducing digital technologies into the processes of construction control and technical supervision. The aim of the study is to develop an integrated approach to digitalization of control measures to improve the quality of construction and reduce time costs. The paper uses methods of system analysis, comparative analysis of domestic and foreign experience, as well as methods of mathematical modeling of economic efficiency. The study analyzes the existing problems of the traditional approach to control, such as the lack of transparency of document management and late detection of defects. Digital tools have been identified and systematized: information modeling technologies, unmanned aerial vehicles, blockchain systems and augmented reality.
As a scientific novelty, a methodology for calculating the effectiveness of implementing digital construction control is proposed, based on an assessment of reducing the risks of collisions and reducing the labor costs of engineers. A roadmap for the use of digital technologies has been developed, adapted to the realities of the modern investment and construction cycle. The results of the study confirm that the integration of digital ecosystems will help reduce operating costs for construction control by up to 15-20% and significantly improve the accuracy of executive documentation.

Keywords: construction supervision, digitalization of construction, building information modeling, technical supervision, investment efficiency, blockchain in construction, quality management, unmanned aerial vehicle

A comprehensive approach is proposed for automated diagnostics and condition monitoring of steel hoisting wire ropes, implemented by integrating two independent methods—optical and magnetometric—into a single synchronized monitoring system. In the optical channel, two analysis mechanisms are implemented: defect classification based on evaluating characteristic patterns of changes in the cross-sectional dimensions, and classification using a convolutional neural network trained on annotated images of real damage. The magnetometric channel applies the magnetic flux leakage principle, detecting internal anomalies using a sensor array whose signals are converted into a numerical feature vector. Temporal and spatial synchronization of the data using correlation algorithms provides unified defect mapping and minimizes false alarms. Experimental validation was conducted on ropes with defects such as bending, kinking, and breakage, as well as on undamaged ropes, under conditions close to real operation. The results confirm high sensitivity, noise robustness, and the potential suitability of the proposed solution for continuous industrial monitoring.

Keywords: automation of monitoring, steel wire ropes, non-destructive testing, integrated monitoring, computer vision, defect classification, neural networks, gradient boosting, convolutional neural networks

Introduction.
The performance of multi-story Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) structures depends on their steel-to-wood connections. Adoption is hindered by a lack of standardized design methods, as current practices often use overly rigid idealizations that fail to capture the joint's true compliance and nonlinear failure.
Aims and Objectives.
This paper presents a verified numerical methodology for simulating the nonlinear stiffness of steel-to-CLT connections. The objective is to establish a procedure for calibrating a Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) using experimental data for global structural analysis.
Materials and Methods.
The study uses the CZM in Ansys Mechanical via 'Contact Debonding', governed by a bilinear Traction-Separation Law (TSL). Model parameters were calibrated against experimental pull-out tests (Mode II dominant) on steel screws in CLT. A key finding is that the model's "interface" stiffness requires iterative adjustment and is not equal to the global "system" stiffness, as it must be decoupled from material elasticity.
Results and Discussion.
The calibrated numerical model replicated experimental force-displacement diagrams with high fidelity. The simulation predicted the peak pull-out force (4.55% discrepancy) and its corresponding displacement (5.67% discrepancy), capturing the elastic phase, peak load, and post-peak softening. The validated methodology provides an engineering-accurate (4–6% deviation) tool for modeling nonlinear joint compliance. This approach allows designers to replace inaccurate rigid-body assumptions, reducing uncertainty and enabling a more realistic stiffness assessment of CLT structures.

Keywords: cross-laminated timber, stiffness of joint connections, joint connection, cohesive zone material, nonlinearity