Central bank digital currencies are a third form of currency, alongside cash and electronic money. As of 2026, 86% of the world's 65 leading central banks were involved in researching the introduction of their own digital currencies. However, central banks use different circulation architectures when developing digital currencies. This article describes these architectures and compares their information security using modeling. The scientific novelty lies in the creation of a mathematical model of a central bank digital currency platform with different architectures and a comparison of their characteristics. The research methods used in this article include analysis, synthesis of data from various sources, induction, and modeling. The result of this article is a model of a central bank digital currency platform and a quantitative assessment of the level of information security. The objective of the article is to quantitatively evaluate the key security indicators of a hybrid architecture and a fully permitted architecture under real-world cyberattack profiles.

Keywords: centralized architecture, central banks, information security, modeling, digital ruble, hybrid architecture

The paper provides an overview of research on the integration of evolutionary game theory (EGT) and multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). The main problems of MARL and the corresponding advantages of EGT are analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the implementation of EGT can effectively solve the problems of instability, credit allocation and partial observability in MARL, providing stable strategic convergence and a new path for group optimization. It is shown that the integration of EGT and MARL forms a promising theoretical and technical basis for a breakthrough in multi-agent control. At the same time, in order to deeply merge the two directions, integration mechanisms will have to be optimized in the future, more reliable algorithms will have to be developed, and applied research in complex heterogeneous systems will have to be strengthened. 

Keywords: evolutionary game theory, multi-agent reinforcement learning, multi-agent control, instability, credit allocation, partial observability

This article examines the practical implementation of a methodology based on Bayes' theorem in the field of technical diagnostics and residual life forecasting for industrial equipment. Emphasis is placed on the ability of this approach to support engineers' effective work under the uncertainty inherent in real-world production processes. Using a vibration monitoring system for multi-axis milling machines, which are critical for the aerospace industry in the production of high-precision aluminum aircraft components, as an example, the feasibility of quantitatively updating the probability of failures as new sensor data arrives is demonstrated. Initial signals, such as vibration, temperature, or acoustic emission levels, are transformed into probabilistic risk assessments with practical justification, providing a reliable basis for management decision-making.

 

Keywords: "Technical diagnostics, residual life forecasting, predictive maintenance, engineering systems, decision theory, aircraft engineering, repair economics, uncertainty management, probabilistic models, monitoring systems, adaptive algorithms

The paper considers an approach to choosing a tool for investigating vulnerabilities in the Active Directory directory service, which contains information of primary value to intruders, making it possible to determine the best point of entry into the system and develop the optimal strategy and tactics to implement the most effective and fastest attack. As part of this work, an analysis of possible directory service threats has been carried out and a classification of attacks on Active Directory has been provided. The classification of tools used to obtain useful information from Active Directory is given. The possibilities of Cobalt Strike as a tool for threat emulation and post-operational tasks based on a hidden agent and an updated database of attacking scripts are considered. The analysis of the practical implementation of cyber attacks using the tool Cobalt Strike over the past few years has been carried out. The methodology of such cyber attacks has been studied and detailed step by step.

Keywords: information security, cyberattack, attack scenarios, threat analysis, directory service, Active Directory, Cobalt Strike

The search for new approaches to the design of residential complexes is relevant in many countries worldwide. A humanitarian, environmentally-oriented approach is particularly promising for implementing design solutions. This article presents a theoretical justification for the principles that correspond to this approach. Based on the general strategic directions tested during the development of the residential complex design solution, eight principles have been identified and adapted to the conditions of Russia's southern regions: cultural identity; meaningfulness; reasonable rationality; social adaptability; permeability; energy efficiency; environmental friendliness; and aesthetics. Their integrated application demonstrates the use of a humanitarian, environmentally-oriented approach in the project.

Keywords: architecture, residential buildings, energy efficiency, ecological construction, green construction, residential development, eco-urbanism

In this article a hierarchical game in a two-level system for the distribution of rolled metal products is constructed.  Stackelberg equilibria for vertically connected participants and Nash equilibria for horizontally connected participants are found. There are several dealer organizations that sell rolled metal products, purchasing them from suppliers and delivering them via carriers either to their warehouse or directly to the customer. It's preferable for a dealer to have the product in their warehouse when a customer orders it. Otherwise, to avoid losing the order, the company must arrange for additional funds to purchase the product from the supplier and transport it to the customer. However, demand is far from constant and depends on several factors, including season, weather conditions, and the current socio-economic conditions in the region. Therefore, it's difficult to predict how much product to stock and when to do it. Suppliers, in turn, set prices for their products, including discounts for dealers. The system consists of several producers at the top level, several dealers at the bottom level, and their customers. An algorithm for sequentially coordinating transactions between a specific dealer and a specific supplier is proposed.

Keywords: Knyazev I.I., Gorbaneva O.I.

In recent years, the safe operation of energy facilities has increasingly been ensured by probabilistic non-destructive testing systems. This article examines a method for predicting and estimating the number of missed defects by solving an inverse problem. A detailed analysis of indirect manifestations and prediction of an indirect parameter is conducted using the Keras deep learning library, which determines the quantitative characteristics of the facility under study. The results of the study demonstrate encouraging prediction accuracy with easily correctable signs of model overfitting.

Keywords: non-destructive testing, defects, defect detection probability distribution curves, synthetic data for deep learning, regression forecasting, Keras, structural and semantic features, non-linear dependencies

The Persian Mosque in Astrakhan is a unique architectural monument reflecting Persian cultural heritage in Russia. This historical structure features exquisite decorative patterns, carved ornaments, and tall minarets. Domes and columns emphasize the Eastern style, while windows harmoniously complement the building's appearance. The interior decoration matches the exterior: rich Eastern motifs create a solemn atmosphere. The mosque attracts tourists and art enthusiasts, serving as a symbol of cultural exchange. Its study enriches knowledge of Persian architecture and boosts tourism in the region. Preservation of such an object is vital for future generations.

Keywords: persian Mosque, Astrakhan, architecture, decorative patterns, minarets, domes, cultural heritage

This study analyzes organizational models of international film studio complexes as a distinct type of architectural and urban-planning facility within the creative industries, providing a full cycle of audiovisual production. The relevance of the research is driven by the growth of film production and the competition among territories to attract projects. Existing approaches more often focus on economic and geographical aspects and do not sufficiently address spatial and planning solutions. This creates a need to systematize the territorial organization of film studio complexes and to substantiate design principles that reconcile requirements for technological enclosure with the tasks of integration into the urban environment. A comparative analysis of existing film studio complexes is carried out to identify the key parameters of such facilities. A typology comprising three models is proposed: the production precinct, the cinema city, and the media city. These types reflect differences in functional structure and in the nature of interactions with the urban environment.

Keywords: film studio complex, international film production, typology, cinema city, media city, creative industry, functional zoning, architectural and spatial organization

This article substantiates the relevance of designing foundations for 35 kV overhead line anchor-angle supports for the challenging engineering and geological conditions of Karelia. Based on load analysis and a comparison of foundation types, their operational and technological characteristics are identified. A technical and economic assessment confirmed the superiority of pile solutions. The conclusion is differentiated: pile foundations are recommended for soft, waterlogged soils, while precast reinforced concrete foundations are suitable for strong foundations with developed infrastructure. The results are applicable to regions with similar conditions.

Keywords: 35 kV overhead power lines, anchor-angle support, transmission line support foundations, mushroom-shaped foundation, pile foundation, engineering and geological conditions of Karelia, water-saturated soils, frost heaving of soils, load calculation

The paper theoretically substantiates and experimentally verifies the design of a combined double-acting anchor combining a pile part (compression work) and a wire with a conical tip (pulling work). It has been found that the bearing capacity of a wire anchor exceeds that of a pile by 20-25 times due to the involvement of the soil cone in the work. The influence of geometric parameters on the pulling force was determined by the method of a complete factor experiment. A support and anchor foundation with an insulating shell has been developed to ensure operation under variable loads. Technical solutions are protected by patents of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: combined anchor, two-way action, wire anchor, pile element, conical tip, mathematical planning of the experiment, support and anchor foundation, insulator, bearing capacity, pulling load

The problem of accounting for additional costs in difficult construction conditions caused by the lack of clear criteria and methods for justifying the coefficients of tightness is considered. It is proposed to abandon the use of standard coefficients and switch to the mandatory introduction of technological maps that make it possible to more accurately assess real costs and increase the transparency of the pricing process. This approach helps to reduce the risk of conflicts between construction participants, improve the quality of control and increase the investment attractiveness of projects.

Keywords: construction, conditions, costs, methodology, coefficient, constraint, calculation, norm, process, resource, technology, map, justification, cost increase, factor

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of heavy concrete made using gravel aggregate from the Sitinsky deposit (Khabarovsk Krai). The tests were conducted in the TSU laboratory on cube samples (100×100×100 mm) and prisms (100×100×400 mm) in accordance with GOST 10180-2018 and GOST 24452-2023. It has been determined that the average concrete strength varies from 40.4 to 46.0 MPa, and the modulus of elasticity varies from 25,982 to 30,539 MPa, depending on the granulometric composition of the aggregate. These findings confirm the high quality of local raw materials and their suitability for the production of B30 and higher-class concrete.

Keywords: concrete, gravel, Sitinsky deposit, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, field tests

This paper presents a comprehensive synthesis of the main results of a doctoral study aimed at developing an engineering-based methodology for modeling and evaluating complex infrastructure systems using digital monitoring data. The study is conducted using selected cities in Iran and Turkey as representative case studies and integrates engineering modeling approaches within a unified analytical framework.
The proposed methodology combines structural equation modeling, multi-criteria decision analysis, and life cycle assessment with operational data obtained from digital monitoring systems based on Internet of Things technologies. As an applied engineering tool, a water leakage detection system is used to collect quantitative performance indicators of water supply networks, including non-revenue water losses, leakage detection time, energy consumption, and associated CO₂ emissions.
The results demonstrate that the integration of real-time monitoring data with advanced engineering modeling methods enables a more accurate and operationally meaningful assessment of infrastructure performance. Comparative analysis reveals both common patterns and system-specific differences in the effectiveness of leakage detection and network operation across the studied cities. The proposed approach can be applied as a scalable engineering framework for data-driven analysis and optimization of water supply systems

Keywords: engineering modeling, digital monitoring, water supply systems, water leakage, hydraulic parameters

The article examines the criteria for the mechanical strength of pipelines made of steel and polyethylene pipes when the pressure category is increased as part of the reconstruction of gas distribution networks. The minimum values of the pipe wall thickness are determined, taking into account the maximum allowable values of the temporary resistance and yield strength of the pipe material. It is determined that the conditions for the optimal pipe wall thickness are met for the entire range of steel pipes used. For polyethylene pipes, the required mechanical strength depends on the standard size coefficient. 

Keywords: polyethylene gas pipelines, dynamic load, stability of the circular cross-section, external pressure

This article examines the results of computer simulations of adhesive bond tear testing. Simulation models of adhesive bond tearing were constructed taking into account two stages of sample testing, the geometric structure, and the physical and mechanical properties of the materials and adhesive. The modeling took into account the statistical dispersion of parameters at the micro-level of the process. The article describes the algorithm for the sample testing process and evaluates its behavior depending on the values ​​and variations of the material parameters.

Keywords: Computer simulation, model, tear test, adhesive bond, material strength, simulation results, stress concentration

Numerical values of the functional extrapolator of a fractal L–Markov process with a quasi-rational spectrum are obtained. The methods of correlation and regression analysis were used to calculate the predicted complex values for the lead time t. The analysis of the real and imaginary parts of the optimal extrapolator is carried out for all correct values of the lead time t. The coefficients of Pearson linear correlation and Kendall rank correlation are calculated, which indicate a high linear correlation between the real and imaginary parts of the extrapolator and their noticeable rank correlation. The representability of the optimal extrapolator for the lead time t in the form of a linear combination of the values of the fractal L–Markov process under study at five points of the L–boundary is proved. The calculated values of the beta coefficient and the Hurst index indicate the high reliability of the forecast constructed in the work.

Keywords: extrapolation, L – Markov process, fractality, trend tolerance, spectral characteristic, correlation and regression analysis, optimal extrapolator, risk

Modern retail is faced with the need to simultaneously improve customer service and optimize operating costs, which is driving the active adoption of digital solutions to automate customer interactions. This article examines the use of dialog agents to automate key processes in retail—from initial consultation to order processing and follow-up. The aim of the study is to develop and evaluate an integrated system based on a dialog agent interacting with the 1C: Trade Management corporate system. The paper presents an analysis of the retail network's domain, describes the key business processes subject to automation, and proposes a dialog agent architecture and its integration with 1C. The paper also examines CASE tools for functional modeling and analysis of company operations and presents a rule-based approach to developing conversational agents based on a dictionary-pattern concept with regular expressions and keywords. The results showed that the use of conversational agents not only reduces operating costs but also increases sales conversion. The study confirms that conversational agents are an effective tool for digital retail transformation, combining scalability, personalization, and cost effectiveness

Keywords: Sales automation, retail, conversational agent, integration, online ordering, business processes, chatbot, trade management

An asynchronous electric motor is the foundation of virtually every modern industrial machine. They are widely used in various industries and agriculture across the country. Starting electric drives for machines equipped with asynchronous motors poses a serious challenge for private workshop owners and farmers working in rural areas. This article presents a method for starting an asynchronous motor using a combination of a voltage multiplier and a frequency converter, ensuring the maintenance of the rated torque and full power of the electric drive. Using voltage multipliers to start industrial variable-frequency electric drives is an innovative solution that helps eliminate problems caused by low input voltage from the electrical grid. This is especially relevant when the actual grid voltage is below the minimum required value specified by the electrical equipment manufacturer

Keywords: automated electric drive, frequency regulation, woodworking, metalworking, voltage multiplier