Modern distributed temperature control systems are used today everywhere, in particular, in the telemetry of oil and gas wells. Thus, when creating a distributed fiber-optic temperature sensor based on Raman scattering (DTS) for these purposes, the problem of improving its metrological characteristics always remains urgent. They are in turn determined by the known SNR (signal-to-noise ratio, SNR from English Signal-to-Noise Ratio). To achieve this goal, it is proposed to use a promising method of increasing the SNR in the DTS based on encoding the probing sensor signal by the Hadamard code sequences (simplex coding). For this purpose, a numerical experiment is carried out to implement this coding method using the DTS model and taking into account the noise of the photodetector device. The article presents the simulation results, confirms the effectiveness of the coding method, and summarizes the results of the simulation.

Keywords: distributed fiber optic temperature sensor, Raman scattering, photodetector device, noise, signal-to-noise ratio, optical pulse encoding, Hadamard code, simplex coding

The article deals with the problem of optimal control of the train (OKT) from the standpoint of the modern theory of automatic control. This problem is relevant for many years, but to date it has not been completely solved, due to the large number of random factors affecting the nature of the train, as well as the development in recent years of high-speed and high-speed, as well as heavy and long-range traffic. The mathematical model of train movement and formulation of the OKT problem are presented, the classification of known methods of its solution is offered. A simulation model in Matlab/Simulink environment is developed, which allows to study different models and control laws. A metaheuristic algorithm for optimization of train operating modes using a simulation model implemented in the form of a software module in Matlab is proposed. The results of computational experiments confirming the convergence of the algorithm are presented.

Keywords: optimal control, autodriving, mathematical model, simulation model, metaheuristic algorithm

To date, the construction of the new techniques of construction of buildings and structures, as well as the most advanced durable and lightweight materials with high performance characteristics. All this allows you to build cost-effective, high-quality and aesthetically attractive houses. Depending on the materials used in the construction of multi-storey buildings was considered the effectiveness of ribbed coffered floors. Calculation of the 18-storey monolithic building was made in the program complex "Lira-CAD-2013". Floor slab typical floor is considered in the following schemes: buildings with a step of columns 6m and 12 m, the ceiling is flat and coffered with a 200mm plate 50mm, different beam cross-sections (200х400мм and 200х450мм), step 900х900 mm. analysis of the results showed that the most advantageous use of coffered ceilings in the building with a column grid of 12 m, with the use of high-strength concrete and reinforcement steel class A500.

Keywords: caisson ceiling, slab, beam, reinforcement, concrete, analysis, consumption, reinforcement, step columns, the cost of construction, structural scheme

In this paper, it is shown that the noise of the photodetector device (PD) is the dominant factor limiting the metrological characteristics in real distributed fiber-optic temperature sensors based on Raman scattering (RDTS), which contribute significantly to the process of signal noise using the example of the RDTS taking into account the noise of the PD, which was chosen as the avalanche photodiode (APD). The analysis of the main types of noise in the model of an APD in the model, including both basic PD noise, and characteristic for APDs, for example, their influence on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The graphs of the dependence of the influence of noise on the RDTS, derived from the SNR ratio, are given and conclusions are drawn about the predominance of some noise over others under different conditions, based on their.

Keywords: distributed fiber optic temperature sensor, avalanche photodiode, shot noise, dark noise, thermal noise, amplitude noise, signal-noise ratio, random number distribution law

The article discusses the process of sulfuric acid alkylation used to produce high-octane gasoline, as well as the design of jet reactors, their advantages and disadvantages. Based on the existing drawbacks of jet reactors, the development of a new high-efficiency jet reactor design has been proposed.

Keywords: reactor, sulfuric acid alkylation, isosurface, isocontours, gasoline, fractions, jet type, industry, oil refining

a method for calculation of electro-hydraulic raspylivatelja liquids. Theoretical dependences of the median diameter of aerosol drops on the fluid flow rate at different number of generator nozzle holes, on its main design parameters are presented.

Keywords: aerosol, dispersion, drop, generator, electrohydraulic atomizer

The article deals with the integration of a three-dimensional model of a parametric architecture object created by Autodesk Revit and its finite element model. The features of IFC formatting expand the possibilities of presenting design data for solving problems of integration information and computational models. The advantages and disadvantages of this approach to the modeling of unique high-rise buildings, the architectural solution of which is a complex geometric surface, are illustrated. The resulting finite element models allowed us to perform a static calculation and analyze the characteristic movements of the frame elements of a unique building. The practical significance of the presented research results lies in the possibility of using a parametric architecture for designing objects using BIM with subsequent analysis of the stress-strain state of the frame of a building or structure.

Keywords: information modeling, parametric architecture, finite element method, architectural model, calculation model, integration, IFC formatting

The article presents the results of an experimental study of methods and means of technical diagnostics of the engine cylinder-piston group during cold, idle scrolling of the crankshaft

Keywords: cylinder piston group, gas flow from the crankcase, technical conditions of the experiment

This article contains a survey of the building in the city of Rostov-on-don. A detailed visual inspection of the object of study, assessment of the technical condition of the main bearing building structures, analysis of the causes of defects and damage, pre - installation of the category of technical condition. As a result of the survey developed recommendations for the design, measures to restore or strengthen the building structures.

Keywords: technical condition, categories of technical condition, inspection, visual inspection, detailed examination, building structures, defect, damage, repair, restoration, operation

The legal status of water bodies implies special measures aimed at preserving and preventing negative processes within the boundaries of a water body. A zone with a special mode of use is the territory, within the boundaries of which the mode of using the object for the purpose of protection and (or) to protect the environment is established. In modern geodesy, special satellites are used that are part of the global positioning system. The object is tied to the existing geodetic network, the identification marks are laid in a minimal amount, then aerial photography is performed and the photoplans are “stitched”. The emergence of electronic and unmanned measuring instruments during a complex of geodetic works greatly facilitated the work of geodetic engineers, allowing them to increase the productivity and accuracy of work performed when using such instruments.

Keywords: water protection zone, zones with a special mode of use, water bodies, unmanned aerial vehicles, coastline, coastal protective strip, aerial photography, GNSS receivers, surveying equipment, orthophotomap

In this article such spheres activity as independent fire examination and assessment of property are considered, distinctive features of each activity are considered. Basic elements of each of this field of activity by what documents is guided in work what activity are given

Keywords: the fire, property assessment, fire examination, the appraiser, the expert-builder, accident, the caused damage, judicial proceedings, the conclusion, recovery repair

The procedure of conducting judicial construction technical expertize of the real estate objects damaged as a result of flooding is considered, the main events held construction experts on the place of flooding and the necessary list of documents necessary to start a research are listed.

Keywords: flooding, judicial construction technical expertize, accident, the caused damage, judicial proceedings, the conclusion, recovery repair

This article discusses the features of the power plant control based on renewable energy sources for additional and emergency power supply of surface robotic systems. This kind of integrated power plant can be built on the basis of wind and solar energy converters and produce at least 10-15% of all electrical energy required for the vessel. For the most important element of the KSEU - wind power plant (wind), the Electromechanical torque control on the shaft of its rotor is considered. For this purpose, firstly, the problem of controlling the angular velocity of the rotor rotation by means of variable geometry elements (IEG) of the VEU of perspective type is solved. As an IEG, the tunable distance from the lower part of the rotor to the upper part of the lower guide structure of this wind turbine is considered. Simulation of the equations of the controller for the particular case of stabilization of the rotation speed of the rotor. Secondly, the structural scheme of electrical control of the output characteristics of the wind turbine is justified and the method of selection of some key elements of this scheme is given. Features of realization of the electric circuit of connection of VEU, solar panels (SP) and diesel generator set in uniform KSEU are considered. It is shown that the constructed integrated control system of wind turbines is able to effectively solve the problem of parrying external wind disturbances.

Keywords: complex power unit, robotized surface platform, advanced windmill, solar panels, structural wiring diagram, hybrid controller

Parameters of logging machines are determined by the characteristics of the subject of labour, in particular the size of trees. In stands the sizes of trees vary and have stochastic character. This leads to the difficulty of determining the design tree for the felling machine or calculating the weight of the wood moved by the transport machine. The problem is complicated by the fact that the design of the forest machine should ensure the efficiency of work in different stands. The solution of the problem of determining the calculated characteristics of the subject of labour (characteristics that determine the values of external forces acting on the forest machine) can be based on the analysis of regularities in the structure of stands by thickness. The purpose of this study is to describe a method of constructing stochastic models of the structure of the stand by thickness in the design of forest machines and an example of its application. The proposed method makes it possible to form a stochastic model of the tree stand structure by thickness for the forest area under study and covers procedures from the collection of initial data to the generation of the tree diameter algorithm. Generation algorithms obtained by the method can be used in the development of simulation models for computer experiments aimed at calculating the optimal parameters of forest machines.

Keywords: forest machines designing, stochastic simulation, stand structure by thickness, tree diameter distribution, simulation modeling, computational experiment on the computer

The article proposes a scheme of modernization of the gasoline engine to work on a gas-air mixture. This article discusses the technical characteristics of the engine on gasoline which is recommended by the manufacturer. The characteristics of the engine operation on the gas-air mixture without alterations, and the characteristics that the engine shows when working on the gas-air mixture with the already made changes are also given.

Keywords: car, gas equipment, intake valve, compression ratio, mixture pressure