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  • Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of software tools for splitting videos into frames using the example of the field of road surface quality assessment

    Roads occupy an important place in the life of almost every person. The quality of the coating is the most significant characteristic of the roadway. To evaluate it, there are many systems, among which there are those that analyze the road surface using video information streams. In turn, the video is divided into frames, and the images are used to directly assess the road quality. Splitting video into frames in such systems works based on special software tools. To understand how effective a particular software is, a detailed analysis is needed. In this article, OpenCV, MoviePy and FFMpeg are selected as software tools for analysis. The research material is a two-minute video of the road surface with a frame rate 29.97 frames/s and mp4 format. The average time to get one frame from a video is used as an efficiency indicator. For each of the three software tools, 5 different experiments were conducted in which the frame size in pixels was consistently increased by 2 times: 40000, 80000, 160000, 320000, 640000. Each program has a linear dependence of O(n) average frame retrieving time on resolution, however, FFMpeg has the lowest absolute time indicators, as well as the lowest growth rate of the function, therefore it is the most effective tool compared to the others (OpenCV, MoviePy).

    Keywords: comparison, analysis, effectiveness, software tool, library, program, video splitting, frame size, resolution, road surface

  • Analysis of floating point calculations on microcontrollers

    The article discusses methods for optimizing floating point calculations on microcontroller devices. Hardware and software methods for accelerating calculations are considered. Algorithms of Karatsuba and Schönhage-Strassen for the multiplication operation are given. A method for replacing floating-point calculations with integer calculations is proposed. Describes how to use fixed point instead of floating point. The option of using hash memory and code optimization is considered. The results of measuring calculations on the AVR microcontroller are presented.

    Keywords: floating point calculations, fixed point calculations, microcontroller, AVR, ARM

  • A method for determining the elemental composition of sediment from waste from galvanic production

    The article presents the prerequisites for the relevance of the processing and disposal of galvanic sludge generated from industrial enterprises, which in turn occupies numerous areas of land for storage, which harms the environment. An overview of the methods of processing and disposal of electroplating waste, including physical, chemical and biological processes. Experimental studies of galvanic sludge sediment are presented. The precipitate is a mixture of crystalline CaCO3, SiO2 and an amorphous phase, which is not determined by phase analysis. Modern advanced technologies for the processing and disposal of galvanic sludge are presented.

    Keywords: galvanic sludge waste, automation, control, methods, sediment thermogram

  • Application of machine vision methods on embedded systems

    The article discusses the application of machine vision methods for embedded systems using modern microcontrollers. Machine learning methods that are used in embedded systems to solve recognition problems, as well as neural network models, are described. The use of trained models for solving image recognition problems in embedded systems is proposed. The architectures of YOLOv3 and R-CN neural networks are compared. The Jetson TX2 hardware platform is considered. The results of comparing the calculation speed for different modes of the device are presented.

    Keywords: machine vision, neural networks, artificial intelligence, embedded systems, pattern recognition, YOLO, RCN, Jetson, Tensorflow

  • Method of calculating the application coefficient of the standard control system equipment on the test bench

    The article considers an approach to estimating the application coefficient of standard control system equipment on a test bench. The relevance of the evaluation task at the design stage of the test bench is shown and a description of the method for solving this problem is given. The proposed approaches can be applied both at the stage of creating a test stand and when upgrading an existing positionю.

    Keywords: automatic control system, test bench, analysis of the testing process, experimental testing, standard equipment, centralized control software package, application coefficient of equipment

  • Analysis of the testing time of the control system on the test bench

    The article analyzes the testing time of the control system on the test bench, identifies the components of the testing time, and provides the calculation procedure for a typical test bench. The results obtained can be used to estimate the time of testing control systems at the design stage of test benches.

    Keywords: automatic control system, rocket and space technology, test bench, analysis of the testing process, experimental testing, testing time

  • Improving images of asphalt concrete pavements based on segmentation methods

    To assess the quality of the road surface, there are many systems that work on the basis of specific algorithms, including image segmentation methods. Time complexity and classification accuracy are two key indicators when evaluating the effectiveness of a particular algorithm. In this article, the following image segmentation methods are used as the analyzed methods: k-means clustering, Linear clustering, Adaptive thresholding, Global thresholding. Based on the methods described in the section "Methodology of experiments", the "Global thresholds" method has the best indicators of classification accuracy and time complexity (38.2% - classification accuracy; time complexity is linear (other methods have the same type of complexity, however, GT has much less absolute time indicators).

    Keywords: comparison, method, segmentation, image, photo, road, surface, condition, accuracy, classification, time, complextion

  • Improving the quality of road surface images based on morphological processing techniques

    Road surface quality assessment is one of the most popular tasks around the world. To solve it, there are a large number of systems that work using certain algorithms, including methods of morphological image processing. One of the key criteria for the effectiveness of an algorithm is its time complexity. The following approaches of morphological processing is considered in the article: Dilation, Erosion, Morphological Gradient, Morphological Smoothing. Photos of the road surface of various conditions were used as the material for the study. Based on the proposed methodology of the experiment, it turned out that each of the selected algorithms has a linear time complexity, but the "Dilation" and "Erosion" algorithms have lower absolute time indicators.

    Keywords: comparison, efficiency, morphological technique, processing, image, photo, road, condition, time, complexity

  • On the issue of calculating the design of a prismatic beam with a multi-column truss

    Based on the beginning of the least work, theoretical dependencies were obtained to determine the internal forces in the elements of the combined trussed system. The analysis of the calculation results of a trussed beam with four posts was carried out and the physical side of the phenomenon of bending during the interaction of the main structure of the trussed beam with elements of a multi-post truss was revealed.

    Keywords: truss beam, combined system, multi-column truss, relative eccentricity, potential energy

  • Simulation of the design activity diversification of innovative enterprise

    The results of a study of the nature of the occurrence of fine dust particles in the urban environment (on the example of the city of Volgograd) are presented. The sources of dust release in the form of ground dispersed massifs represented by loess and clayey soils are considered. The results of determining the mode of variability of the parameters of the mechanical composition, physical properties in two directions of dust drift (southeast and north) are shown. Studies of loess and clayey rocks for radon content were carried out. It was revealed that the dispersed soils under consideration are characterized by significant indicators of the effective specific activity of radon. Researches of pollution of a snow cover are carried out. It was found that the snow cover, in addition to technogenic accumulations, contains particles of fine dust. The results of the study will help in the implementation of predictive assessments of possible changes in the environment.

    Keywords: atmospheric pollution, fine dust, urban environment, dispersed rock, wind flow, soil massif, radon content, drift trend of fine earth

  • Methodology for optimizing the process of designing pavements using asphalt granulate

    A methodology for the development of a system of typical environmentally and economically effective road pavement designs is proposed, which allows to optimize the process of designing pavements using asphalt granulate for the design of overhaul of road pavements.redistribution of investments in interests of the organization and development of new production on available floor spaces. The most important organizational economic targets of a diversification of management are presented by innovative activity of the industrial enterprise.

    Keywords: cold deep in-place recycling, pavement, standard design, road, design, construction, asphalt granulate

  • Thermal stabilization of permafrost soils: technologies and equipment

    The article shows the current problems associated with the development of the northern part of Russia. Large deposits of ore minerals and hydrocarbons are located in the northern regions. The severe climatic conditions of these regions and the difficulties of construction on permafrost soils are noted. Special attention is paid to the relevance of the issue of soil stabilization. The analysis of the degradation of permafrost soils is carried out on the basis of statistical data on the change in the average annual temperature recorded by the Salekhard weather station. It is concluded that when the thawed base is planted, the destruction of structures and man-made disasters are possible. The methods of ensuring a stable frozen state of soils during seasonal thawing are considered. The types and classification of seasonally operating cooling devices are presented. The principle of operation of the presented devices, the scope of application of each type of seasonally operating cooling devices is given.

    Keywords: soil, heat stabilizer, heat carrier, cryolithozone, foundation, foundation, bridge construction, monitoring, condensation, freon, expanded polystyrene

  • Features of construction of foundations in permafrost soils

    The article analyzes the natural conditions of the Northern latitudes of Russia, where the main reserves of fossil hydrocarbons and metals are concentrated. It is shown that mining requires the development of the road network and artificial structures on the roads. It is noted that the most difficult stage in the construction of bridge structures is the construction of foundations. The types used in the Northern latitudes of foundations are considered, and their positive and negative qualities, such as weight, method of construction and volume of earthworks, are noted. The paper emphasizes the relevance of the problem of maintaining the stability of permafrost soils in seasonal thawing and loss of their bearing capacity. Methods of maintaining the soil in a solid state can be natural and artificial. The methods of thermal stabilization of soils, as well as machinery and equipment used in these conditions.

    Keywords: permafrost, road network, bridge, polystyrene, superstructure, pile support, Foundation, thermal insulation screen, heat stabilizer

  • The stability of the core structure of a polygonal ring with a radial load

    The results of the study of the stability of the core structure of a polygonal ring under the action of a system of self-balanced radial forces are presented. A complete solution of the problem is given in accordance with the fundamental equations of the theory of R. Mises as applied to a statically definable planar structure. It is established that the instability parameter of the core structure of the hexagonal ring is determined solely by the number of nodal points of the hinged rod system.

    Keywords: core structure, regular polygon, hyperboloid, annular diaphragm, determinant, characteristic polynomial, cyclic symmetry

  • Elastic stability of a statically indefinable core structure of a polygonal configuration

    Outlines the main provisions of the calculation of the stability of statically indefinable systems of regular structure. A planar structure with an external contour in the shape of a regular hexagon and under the action of nodal radial compression forces is considered. An analysis of the stability of the equilibrium state of the core structure is performed and the full range of numerical values of the instability parameter of the system is determined.

    Keywords: core structure, regular hexagon, hinge system, characteristic polynomial, triangular panel