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  • On image masking as the basis for building a visual cryptography scheme

    The features of the (m,m) implementation scheme of visual cryptography are considered, which differs from the existing ones by the formation of shadow images (shares) of an image containing a secret. The proposed approach is based not on the decomposition of the secret image into shares, but on their step-by-step transformation by multiplication by orthogonal Hadamard matrices. The images obtained during each transformation of the stock are noise-resistant in the data transmission channel.

    Keywords: image with a secret, image decomposition, image transformation, orthogonal Hadamard matrices, two-way matrix multiplication, noise-resistant image encoding

  • Method for ensuring data confidentiality using orthogonal matrices

    The application of orthogonal matrices in information processing and transformation systems is considered. A method is proposed for assessing the results of protective masking of audio information using Walsh-structured quasi-orthogonal Mersenne matrices.

    Keywords: orthogonal matrix, message masking, masking/unmasking algorithm, amplitude-frequency response, white noise, root mean square error, signal-to-noise ratio

  • On the development of collimator systems with integrated AI and VR/AR elements

    The issue of using the screen of an aircraft's collimator system as a means of providing a help to the pilot about the vertical profile of the flight path in poor visibility conditions at low and extremely low piloting altitudes is being considered.

    Keywords: low flight altitude, extremely low flight altitude, threat of collision, collimator, virtual elevation map, virtual reality, augmented reality, artificial intelligence, data fusion, pilot assistance system

  • Architectural structure of Karachay-Cherkessia: Adiyukh Battle Tower

    The article deals with a unique historical structure of Karachay-Cherkessia, the Adiyukh Tower, which several centuries ago was surrounded by an inaccessible wall of the settlement of the same name. In the article, in connection with the history of the construction of the tower, the era is analyzed, and the importance of this building in the life of the population living in the surrounding area is determined. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the historical monuments of Karachay-Cherkessia remained unstudied until a certain time, although they certainly reflected the life and culture of the people. Reconstructing the past by excavating and studying the ruins left behind by external destruction and located in the North Caucasus has long been a priority for many local (and not only) scholars, particularly archaeologists and historians. The main result of the research was a detailed description of the structural and cultural features of the Adiyukh Tower, which is naturally one of the most important values of the history and culture of Karachay-Cherkessia.

    Keywords: Adiyukh tower, Karachay-Cherkessia, legend, North Caucasus, settlement, architectural structure, fortress, loophole, window openings, parapet

  • Principles of creating a server architecture for stable operation of iTOP CMDB and ensuring protection of the server from hacker attacks

    In the development of cloud providers, not only the types of services they provide play a significant role, but also fault tolerance to service failures. It is important for a cloud service provider to prepare and configure the server and service for fault-tolerant operation so that the customer works with a high degree of readiness and reliability in the system allocated to him. To prepare such a server, it is very important to think carefully about the architecture of the virtual machine, on which all the necessary means of data exchange and integration for the operation of the service will be installed, and protection against network threats that can disrupt the server's performance will be configured. The purpose of the work is to create a virtual machine architecture protected from network threats, which provides customers with access to the iTOP CMDB system. Despite the fact that there can be any number of customers, the iTOP CMDB system should be provided to each customer with its own version, which he can administer. The user can log in using an Internet browser by entering the name of his organization as a domain. The authors present a demonstration of the iTOP CMDB system, which is located on a virtual machine protected from network threats.

    Keywords: virtual machine, architecture, firewall, iTOP CMDB system, server, network threat, network attack, IP address, firewall, request

  • Assessment of the rational directions of the forest industry development of the Russian Arctic border regions based on cluster analysis

    The purpose of this study is to present the forestry complex development scenarios of the Republic of Karelia and the Murmansk region. Based on the use of factor analysis and cluster analysis, 27 central foresters of the study region were divided into 9 clusters according to 20 indicators. The selected indicators took into account the characteristics of wood resources, natural-production conditions and road infrastructure. Based on cluster profiles, as well as on topographical, climatic, soil map and vegetation maps, scenarios for the development of the study region forestry complex in the context of the resulting clusters. The results of the study showed that as they move from south to north, a gradual impoverishment of wood resources occurs. The efforts of the state and business should be aimed at resolving issues of road infrastructure, involving deciduous, small, energy wood in production circulation. Given the natural and production conditions, which are largely determined by the moist forest soils and the extreme vulnerability of the northern ecosystems, in the process of logging, it is especially necessary to pay attention to the minimization of the negative impact of logging operations on the soil cover.

    Keywords: zoning, forest industry, factor analysis, cluster analysis, k-means cluster analysis, logging, forest management

  • Selection of the composition of fine-grained concrete with the use of various plasticizers

    The article examines the influence of various superplasticizers on the performance characteristics of concrete. A series of tests of samples-beams of fine-grained concrete modified with plasticizers of various types was carried out. The optimal amount of the introduced additive was experimentally determined to compare the plasticizing effect of the cement-sand mixture. Experimental data are given indicating the main operational characteristics of the material depending on the additive used. The most effective additive "Polyplast SP-3" has been determined.

    Keywords: concrete, fine-grained concrete, mixture, lignosulfonates, polycarboxylates, naphthalene sulfonates, plasticizer, superplasticizer, water demand, plasticity

  • Improvement of leaky well repair technology

    The paper analyzes and shows the inadequacy of the technology for repairing production wells by rolling out a corrugated metal patch with a dornating device, which consists in premature violation of the tightness of the well due to low strength of the connection. A technology and a hydromechanical device for additional fastening by radial extrusion of spherical cavities in the metal of the plaster are proposed. As a result, a drag force is generated in the cross-section of the fastener, which prevents shear loads from axial forces. Strength calculations have shown that for better performance of the metal patch, it is advisable to increase the shear resistance force by increasing the number of punches or technological transitions of fastening.

    Keywords: casing, production string, well tightness, metal plaster, radial extrusion, strength

  • The use of universal adversarial attacks in the tasks of increasing the effectiveness of protection systems against robots and spam

    This article discusses the use of universal adversarial as well as to improve the effectiveness of protection systems against robots and spam. In particular, the key features that need to be taken into account to ensure an optimal level of protection against robots and spam are considered. It is also discussed why modern methods of protection are ineffective, and how the use of universal adversarial attacks can help eliminate existing shortcomings. The purpose of this article is to propose new approaches and methods of protection that can improve the effectiveness and stability of protection systems against robots and spam.

    Keywords: machine learning, clustering, data recognition, library Nanonets, library Tesseract

  • Graph neural networks and XANES spectroscopy for investigation of the structure of copper centers in Cu-MOR

    In this paper, the possibility of applying graph neural networks (NN) to study the structure of copper centers of zeolites is considered. The dataset used for NN training was prepared using the FDMNES software based on the finite difference method and included more than 2100 Cu K-XANES spectra for Cu-MOR. The performed study demonstrated the capability of graph neural networks to reproduce the Cu K-XANES spectrum corresponding to a particular model of the copper center in the zeolite framework.

    Keywords: zeolite, mordenite, atomic structure, XANES, machine learning, graph neural networks

  • Analysis of identification methods when determining the contours of skins from photographs

    The article discusses correlation methods of image identification. An algorithm of the "rare grid" method has been developed.

    Keywords: image identification, algorithm, recognition, cutting, reference frame, element correlations, minimum search

  • Designing a software solution for automating the calculation of heating wire parameters during winter concreting

    The actualization of industrial development in the Far North poses many key tasks to the construction industry. Concreting is one of such tasks, the performance of which is much more difficult during construction at low temperatures. Based on this, it is necessary to design and develop innovative tools to optimize or rationalize work on construction sites in these conditions. The scientific significance of the presented article consists in an attempt to design a software solution that allows au-tomating the calculation of the parameters of the heating wire during winter con-creting. The practical value of the work lies in the possibility of using the presented materials as a basis for the practical implementation of this program.

    Keywords: сonstruction, Far North, calculation automation, heating wire, program, algorithm, winter concreting

  • Age structure of the forestry fund of the Republic of Karelia (analytical review)

    Maintaining the optimal age structure of the forestry fund is an important factor in the use of forest resources. The purpose of this study was to analyze the age structure of the forestry fund of exploitation forests of the Republic of Karelia. For this purpose, data on the age structure of the forest fund by species groups was collected for 17 central forest districts of the study region. Data sources were forest planning documents. The results of the study showed that coniferous forests predominate in the Republic of Karelia. Deciduous tree species are more widely represented in the southern part of the study region. Deciduous and coniferous forests have different age structures. Young stock, mature timber and overmature forest predominate. At the same time, Young stocks are predominantly represented by coniferous forests. A small proportion of forest approaching maturity is one of the fundamental problems of the region under study, as it helps to curb the increase in logging volumes.

    Keywords: forest resources, logging, age structure, coniferous species, deciduous species, ripening forests

  • About the construction of the Moscow subway

    No modern metropolis can be imagined without such public transport as the subway. The subway is the most important element of infrastructure for large cities and provides a convenient, fast, safe and environmentally friendly way for the population to travel. The construction of the subway is a long and complex process, which requires large investments and consideration of many factors. During the construction of metro stations it is necessary to carry out work on laying utilities, such as electric cables, pipelines for water supply, sewerage, ventilation and other systems. These utilities ensure the operation of the stations and comfort for passengers. Erection of engineering networks in the subway is a complex and multi-year process that requires application of new technologies and high qualification of specialists. However, proper planning and work coordination can significantly reduce time and costs of the project, ensuring uninterrupted operation of metro stations in the future. The work is devoted to the peculiarities of construction of the Moscow subway, which is considered one of the largest subways in the world in terms of length and passenger traffic.

    Keywords: metro, utilities, high voltage cable, ventilation shaft, tunnel fan

  • Assessment of forest management conditions in the Russian Arctic border regions forests on the factor analysis basis

    The purpose of this study was to assess the forest exploitation conditions of the central forestries of the Republic of Karelia and the Murmansk region. To do this, data were collected for 27 central forestries of the study region, representing 20 variables characterizing indicators of wood resources, natural production conditions and road infrastructure. The assessment of forest exploitation conditions was carried out on the basis of the developed system of indicators, which includes 5 indicators: the value of the exploitation fund; the representativeness of the territory to the natural conditions of growth of deciduous species and the level of allowable cutting area for softwood farming; representativeness of the territory with favorable natural and production conditions in the study region; size of allowable cuts for coniferous economy; and the quality of the road network. The indicators were factors extracted by the method of principal axes in the process of factor analysis. Factors explained 81.4% of the total variance of the 20 variables initially selected. The results of the study showed that two groups of forest areas are distinguished in terms of the average forest reserve: the forest areas of the Murmansk region, which are characterized by a low average reserve, and the forest areas of the Republic of Karelia. Four central forestries located in the southern part of the Republic of Karelia are distinguished by the level of reserves in the forests of deciduous tree species and the level of allowable cut for deciduous farming. The most favorable natural and production conditions are forest areas located in the southern part of the Republic of Karelia.

    Keywords: logging, natural and production conditions, factor analysis, Karelia, Murmansk region, timber resources