In the article a brief and universal definition of a subject of geodesy in general has been substantiated and proposed. The definition is valid for all geodesy sections and applications

Keywords: Subject, Geodesy, Positioning, Points, Realty, Objects, Space

In the article the assessment of influence of a lateral refraction on angular measurements in traverse network is made. The conclusion is drawn on possibility of significant distortions of angular measurements in these networks because of refraction. Recommendations about reduction of influence of a lateral refraction on angular measurements in traverse network are made

Keywords: Refraction, Influence, Measurements, Traverse, Network, Distortions