The article discusses the most common types of modified columns in Mexico: composite section columns, high-strength concrete columns, prestressed concrete columns. The procedure for calculating columns and new proposals to improve construction efficiency is described. Columns are one of the most important elements of orthogonal frame buildings, so improving their designs requires special attention. In composite section columns, using high-strength concrete in the outer zone, the strength of the concrete located in the core increases 1.5 times more, which significantly increases the efficiency of the structure. Columns made of high-strength concrete have an increase in efficiency when used in high-rise buildings. Prestressed concrete columns are very effective because they have high resistance to load, they are able to withstand significant stresses.

Keywords: concrete, reinforcement, reinforced concrete, high-strength concrete, prestressing, columns, columns of composite section, eccentricity, stress, deformation

The article considers several types of reinforced concrete slabs: homogeneous monolithic slabs, waffle slabs, as well as prestressed joist and vault slabs. Its main characteristics, properties and advantages are also described. An evaluation of structural analysis is given with a determination of its effectiveness. Reticular slabs: they are made from a network of cross beams that form a grid, leaving gaps that can be filled with blocks of materials whose density does not exceed 900 kg / m3. Homogeneous monolithic slab: it is a slab composed of concrete and reinforcement. The rebars are located in both directions, according to the characteristics of the load. Prestressed joist slabs and vault: it is a structural system consisting of precast beams that are made of prestressed concrete and include hollows of various configurations, within which lighting elements can be placed.

Keywords: concrete, reinforcement, reinforced concrete, floor slabs, wafer plates, monolithic plates, precast monolithic plates