Ecology is an acute problem in the modern world. At many enterprises and in many processes, they strive to reduce emissions of waste and natural gases that have a negative impact on the environment. The author of the article suggests using energy-efficient technologies in housing construction, namely, when carrying out major repairs of apartment buildings in the city of Moscow. In this article, the author considers technologies that reduce power consumption, which can also be applied during major repairs. In particular, an important role for reducing emissions of harmful substances into the environment is the reduction of heat consumption in apartment buildings. The result of the introduction of the technologies listed in the article will be an improvement in the standard of living in the old housing stock.

Keywords: capital repairs, city environment, factors, building, energy efficiency, heat loss, apartment building, ecology, emissions, waste

The global economy growth and active industrial development are limited, among other things, by the capabilities of existing technology. The potential for improving the functional characteristics of classical materials is practically exhausted, and the widespread use of new composite materials and high-enthalpy alloys is limited by the high cost and complexity of the technological process of their manufacture and processing. Knowledge of the materials physical-mechanical, thermophysical and chemical characteristics proves that the surface structural-phase state in many cases is crucial in the processes of wear, fracture, chemical and thermal destruction. Thus, the issue of developing technologies and equipment for modifying the surface layer and creating multicomponent coatings, including nanocomposite ones, is urgent. Current article presents the results of a study devoted to the creation of a facility for such coatings deposition by plasma spraying. One of the key elements of technological equipment for this method is a vacuum chamber, which is exposed to intense thermal stress during operation. Thus, the issue of designing a cooling system is relevant. To reduce the material and time resources at the design and experimental development, the temperature state of the chamber was simulated. It is shown that to ensure safe operation, it is advisable to use water cooling. The simulation results confirm the operability of the vacuum chamber cooling system under operating conditions. The following operating parameters were determined: the inlet pressure is 0.6 MPa, the water flow rate is 2 l/s, and the mass average temperature of the outlet water is about 40°C.

Keywords: plasma spraying, thermal state simulation, vacuum chamber, cooling system

Due to the constant increase in production, new structural materials development and growing rates of non-renewable resources consumption, the issue of increasing the machinery resource is urgent. Thus, it is necessary to develop technologies for spraying coatings that improve the functional characteristics of products, in particular, impact strength, microhardness, resistance to wear, corrosion and other environmental factors by modifying the surface layer structural-phase state. These technologies application is necessary in strategically important industries, such as machine tool manufacturing, aerospace, automotive, shipbuilding, chemical, energy, etc. This article is devoted to the facility development for multicomponent nanocomposite coatings sputtering. The design and commissioning of such a facility requires a high time and material resources investment. In this regard, it is necessary to use modern computer software systems that allow simulating multiphysics processes that take place during the facility operation. The simulation of the cathode-anode unit was carried out. Based on the simulation results it was shown that it is necessary to take into account the physical processes in the interelectrode region when designing the plasma spraying unit, since the resource of the cathode-electrode unit and the productivity of the sputtering process directly depend on the parameters of the discharge and the resulting plasma jet. Thus, high temperature and current density, as well as the arc spot abrupt movement, lead to increased wear and failure of the copper nozzles. The maximum values of the temperature and velocity of the plasma jet during spraying were 32000 K and 1800 m/s, respectively.

Keywords: plasma spraying, multicomponent nanocomposite coatings, multiphysics processes, mathematical modeling

The article raises an urgent problem for large cities - the fight against the negative consequences of road transport. The importance of urban planning measures to reduce the accumulation of emissions, as well as green spaces to reduce the concentration of dust content of harmful substances in urban areas is considered. The data of CO concentration near the mainline territories in 95 studied points were analyzed.

Keywords: road transport, dust, gas-protected green areas, leaves, green spaces

This paper presents an information model of a relational database developed by the authors, designed to take into account the teachers workload of an educational organization. The identification of the subject area entities, their decomposition and the relationships identification between them are carried out. The constructed database model was brought to the Boyes - Codd normal form. Based on the designed database schema, its physical implementation and filling with test data was carried out. The results of test queries showed the developed model adequacy and the its practical applicationp ossibility. It is currently in trial operation at the Department of Information Systems and Computer Modeling, Volgograd State University. With minimal changes, the developed database schema can be applied to account for the teachers workload in various educational organizations.

Keywords: database, information modeling, "entity-relationship" diagram, decomposition, information system, educational organization

Carbon formation in diesel engines affects an increase in the temperature of the sleeve, a decrease in the thickness of the oil film, an increase in oil fumes, which causes more intensive wear of the piston group cylinder parts. According to the theory of heat exchange, the heat flow from the working fluid (combustion products) is directed perpendicular to the surface of the piston bottom and is proportional to the equivalent temperature to the average heat transfer coefficient per cycle. Heat can also be supplied to the side surface of the piston bottom, but since the thermal gap between the piston head and the cylinder is small, the heat flow is insignificant. The deposition of carbon deposits on the bottom of the piston and cylinder head causes a slight decrease in its temperature, but at the same time the temperature of the cylinder liner increases, which causes a change in the gaps of the "piston-sleeve" interfaces. Experimental determination of interface gaps on a running engine is associated with significant difficulties. As a result, a computational and theoretical analysis of changes in the magnitude of thermal gaps was performed with a decrease in the thickness of the carbon layer on the bottom of the piston. The deposition of carbon deposits on the bottom of the piston indicates less favorable operating conditions of the piston-sleeve conjugations due to an increase in the dynamic performance of the cycle.

Keywords: quality, surface, part, performance properties, roughness, friction, wear, research, processing, physical and mechanical properties, hardening, deformation

The article discusses the issue of creating an automated system for detecting defects on tissue based on the use of computer vision. The resulting system makes it possible to control, register and calculate defects in textile materials without human participation in the technological process, which improves the quality of analysis, eliminates the number of errors in fabric sorting and reduces the cost of the technological operation.

Keywords: automated system, defect detection, textile material, computer vision, microcomputer, image processing library

The article discusses the use of mathematical modeling of the transmission of a car in the Simulink environment. Studies of the influence of individual transmission factors on the functional parameters of the KAMAZ 4308 car have been carried out. Differential equations describing the operation of the transmission are solved in a matrix way, allowing to study the dynamics of the car taking into account the moments of inertia of the engine, transmission and individual wheels of the car.

Keywords: transmission, wheeled vehicle, clutch, differential, gear ratio, simulation, maximum speed

A computer mathematical model was developed to predict the course of working processes in the device. To estimate the reliability of the obtained model, the study of mass-exchange characteristics of the experimental cooling device was carried out. Analyzing the graphs of mass-exchange characteristics of the model and the experimental cooling device it is possible to conclude about their correspondence. The conducted tests allowed to reveal three characteristic zones of distribution of two-phase gas-liquid flows arising in the working zone of the atomizer at the atomizer's output in the steady-state operation mode. It is proved that the optimum air pressure at the inlet of the vortex chamber can be considered as 0.10...0.15 MPa.

Keywords: ejection, cutting zone cooling, mathematical model, dispersant, emulsion, aerosol, lubrication, turbulence, pressure, mass transfer, atomization

This article addresses a number of issues related to the environmental friendliness of motor vehicles. Modern trends in the transition of the market to electric vehicles, and the problem of recycling and recycling of electric vehicle elements are considered. It was revealed that the transition from cars from ICE to electric vehicles is not yet fully justified from the point of view of ecology.

Keywords: electric car, environmental safety, waste, battery, disposal, recycling

The article presents the features of the methodology for teaching general technical disciplines at an agricultural university, taking into account the reduction in the audience load when switching to the next standard of applied bachelor's degree of GEF BO 3. The work implements the approach of preserving classical methods and the volume of educational material both in standard (classroom form) training conditions and at the distance, by applying innovative educational technologies, in conditions of reducing the audience load.

Keywords: applied bachelor's degree, GEF VO 3 + +, competencies, educational technologies, general technical disciplines, independent work, remote technologies

This article is devoted to the study of indoor air quality in a higher education institution: assessment of the distribution patterns of suspended solids by equivalent diameters (RM0.5, RM1, RM2.5, RM5 and RM10).

Keywords: indoor air, indoor air quality, air pollution, dust, solid suspended particles, PM2.5, PM10

The article is devoted to the issue of improving devices for cleaning gas station emissions from hydrocarbon vapors to improve the environmental safety of zones and territories of residential development. The largest part of the release of gasoline vapors entering the local aspiration systems is associated with the filling and emptying of fuel storage tanks at gas stations. It is known that emissions of benzene vapors belonging to the second hazard class have a significant problem in terms of exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations at the boundaries of the sanitary protection zones of gas stations and nearby residential buildings. Creation of new highly efficient technologies and devices for reducing the volume of pollutant emissions from gas filling complexes, while reducing operating costs by the amount of emissions and waste generated, developing reliable gas trapping devices of acceptable low material and energy consumption for gas station aspiration schemes is an urgent task. Another reason of elaborations’ needs of those gas trapping devices are reducing operating costs and environmental payments for emissions and waste. It was carried out environmental – economic research to verify justification to use absorption-type apparatuses within an absorbent mixture of sodium-magnesium salt’s solution (bischofite solution) and waste water of from a local purification device. It was allowed reducing emissions from sources of gas station aspiration schemes using capturing gasoline hydrocarbon vapors by mention above apparatus. It is essential reducing negative emissions’ impact of harmful substances and an additional amount of generated waste of gas stations. There are presented the results of calculating volume of the fees’ environmental damage, and economic efficiency of the use the proposed type of sorbent’ apparatus in this article also. The use of the proposed device in gas station aspiration schemes allows deceasing environmental payments for emissions including carbon taxes and fees and additional operating costs in terms of the use of consumables. The successful tests carried out have shown the reliable and efficient operation of the pilot plant with the proposed device at the gas station. The successful tests carried out have shown the reliable and efficient operation of the pilot plant set up with the proposed device that decreased environmental payments for emissions, waste and operating costs.

Keywords: gas station, gasoline, emission, atmosphere, concentration, hydrocarbons, aspiration, absorption, device, bischofite, water

The article proposes a method for assessing the risk of a possible stay of an automated special-purpose information system in a critical state, based on the synthesis of two heterogeneous mathematical models, one of which allows taking into account the intensity of DDOS attacks and the intensity of application processing, based on Markov processes, and the second is one of the forms of a formal description of protection systems, with complete overlap, in which the interaction of the "threat area", "protected area" is considered – areas of resources of an automated information system for special purposes, and "protection systems" – security mechanisms of an automated information system. The developed method makes it possible to simulate the information security tools included in the automated information system for special purposes, under the influence of DDOS attacks, taking into account both the empirical values obtained as a result of measurements or modeling, and the theoretical base of parameters specified by input data. In the synthesis of the two models, the lack of uncertainty of some of the input parameters, taking into account the values based on expert estimates, was eliminated.

Keywords: automated information system, security assessment, queuing system, risk

The article is devoted to the use of artificial intelligence tools to solve technical problems in the construction industry. It is noted that the use of neural networks will allow taking into account the behavior of materials in various experimental conditions. The authors present a comparative analysis of approaches to neural network training, in particular, the structures of multilayer and LSTM networks are considered. It is established that LSTM networks are more effective in solving problems of identification properties of materials.

Keywords: neural network, non-destructive testing, identification task, multilayer network, LSTM network, impact indentation, indentation, strength properties of materials, neural network technologies, statistical distribution