The paper considers the issue of using a computer vision system to control the quality of products in the control algorithm of a mechatronic sorting station. Shoe products are chosen as an example. The developed system is based on machine learning methods for image recognition by segmentation. As a result, a neural network model was created, and a program was written for identifying and selecting objects using a camera for subsequent sorting of defective products. The program contains three modules: initialization for declaring all variables, models, classes, video stream from the camera; the main module, containing an internal loop for each segmented object; a subroutine for completing the work. The introduction of computer vision into the control algorithm increases the efficiency and flexibility of the quality control system, and improves the accuracy of measuring the parameters of objects for their subsequent sorting.

Keywords: mechatronic station, sorting, computer vision, image segmentation, neural network training, control algorithm

The application of a mechanical-empirical method of designing road pavement for predicting track formation on the surface of road structures is discussed in the article . The occurrence of ruts is one of the most common types of defects in road surfaces, significantly reducing safety and comfort of movement. MEPDG calculation models were used in this work for assessing the stability of a road structure to the accumulation of plastic deformations. Models takes into account factors such as the intensity and axial load of transport, climatic conditions, and the physic and mechanical properties of coating materials. An example of predicting the depth of a track using the considered method is given.

Keywords: rutting, mechanical and empirical method, road pavement, forecasting, MEPDG, traffic loads, climatic conditions

The article discusses the process of formation of cavitation bubbles. One of the effective designs of regulating equipment is an axial type valve, for which a mathematical description of the process of formation of cavitation bubbles has been developed. This description allows you to evaluate the bubble structure depending on the main operating and design dimensions of the valve.

Keywords: cavitation bubbles, experiment, axial valve, locking device, flow divider, size, cavitation, probabilistic approach

In the work describes the extreme filtering method and the author's approaches that allow adapting it to work in real time: frame-by-frame processing and the method with signal loading. Further, solutions are presented that can be used to implement the above on real devices. The first solution is to use the Multiprocessing library for the Python language. The second approach involves creating a client-server application and sending asynchronous POST requests to implement the frame-by-frame signal processing method. The third method is also associated with the development of a client-server application, but with the WebSocket protocol, not HTTP, as in the previous approach. Then, the results are presented, and conclusions are made about the suitability of the author's approaches and solutions for working on real devices. It is noted that the solution based on the use of the WebSocket protocol is of particular interest. This solution is suitable for both the frame-by-frame signal processing method and the method with value loading. It is also noted that all approaches proposed by the author are workable, which is confirmed by the time values ​​and the coincidence of the graphs.

Keywords: extreme filtering, frame-by-frame signal processing method, method with value loading, Multiprocessing, HTTP, WebSocket, REST, JSON, Python, microcontrollers, single-board computers

The article proposes an approach to automate the detection of polishing defects in blades using luminescent testing (LUM). Instead of manual visual inspection, a system was developed that utilizes a deep learning neural network for defect segmentation on images and a robotic setup for precise positioning of the camera and the blank. This ensures the repeatability of the inspection. The relevance is driven by the industry's need for high-precision and reliable real-time quality control methods. The mathematical model of the process, software architecture, hardware components, and the data collection process for neural network training are described. The results of applying the system for defect detection are presented. The development optimizes polishing processes.

Keywords: industrial blade polishing, intelligent video analytics, robotic optical scheme, mathematical model of technological process, Lum control

The article is devoted to the automation of the process of managing road construction works at a manufacturing enterprise. Among the means of communication in Russia, highways are in the first place in terms of length. Construction of new roads, repair and bringing the existing roads to regulatory requirements is a complex process that can be characterized as a project. The process of project-oriented management of road construction works is formalized, project limitations are defined. The enlarged milestones of project-oriented management of road construction works are highlighted, including the stages of initialization and implementation. The categories of system users and their functions are defined. A class diagram of the information system for managing road construction works is provided. An algorithm for the operation of an automated system for managing road construction works based on a project-oriented approach is developed and described in detail. Formalization of the calculation of the percentage of project readiness is carried out based on the significance coefficient. Examples of implementing the algorithm stages in the information system and generating analytical reports in the system are given. The reports generated in the system are described in detail. The economic efficiency of the proposed automation system is substantiated.

Keywords: road construction works, project-oriented management, highway, automation, reporting, significance coefficient, project, project resources, performance indicator, construction, repair

The ancient fortress located on the territory of the prince's estate of Zabota, on the left bank of the Chegema River, currently located between Lechinkai and Chegem II, is the subject of this article. The article examines the unique Kabardian stone structures, analyzes their distinctive characteristics and compares them with typical stone buildings of the late Middle Ages in Kabardino-Balkaria. In addition, the article examines how the culture and traditions of the region influenced the design of stone products, as evidenced by the architectural solutions used in the construction. The research conducted in this article focuses on the study of archaeological finds in order to reconstruct the history of a particular region and track socio-cultural changes that have occurred over a long period of time. The scientific basis of this study is based on materials collected in museums and bibliographic research.

Keywords: architecture, fortress, hillforts, fortifications, settlements, residence, fortification, stone structure, North Caucasus, Kabarda

The article considers the options for visual programming of information support means for software and information complexes for UAV operators training. The main criterion indicators for systematically organizing the set of components for reusing program code are identified. An example of an unmanned payload carrier in various representative forms of visualization is given. A comparison of the labor intensity of developing the specified software and information implementations for the same unmanned robotics object with their normative labor intensity is shown. The variants of content filling during the development of the same material part of the considered device for various aspects of training specialists in the management and operation of UAV are considered. The principle of systematization of components by means of ordering the complexity of presentation and softwarе implementation is shown.

Keywords: risk forecasting, information support, training of unmanned aircraft systems operators, labor intensity assessment

As part of the analysis of the environmental situation on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2023, it was found that in 120 cities the level of atmospheric air pollution exceeds the permissible hygienic standards. Industrial areas are considered "hot spots" where various air pollutants are generated as a result of ongoing industrial activity. An assessment of the NDVI index values and the compliance of the landscaping area of the sanitary protection zones of the largest enterprises of the Northern Industrial Zone of Volgograd, located in the immediate vicinity of residential buildings, with established regional standards was carried out. The data obtained showed low values of the NDVI index and non-compliance of the landscaping area with the established requirements, which confirms the need for systematic monitoring of the condition of green spaces, the implementation of projects for landscaping sanitary protection zones, taking into account the resistance of the rock composition of plantings to harmful impurities contained in the ambient air of the plant.

Keywords: object of negative impact, sanitary protection zone, landscaping, normalized vegetation index, pollutant emissions, air quality of an urbanized area

A class of mathematical methods for code channel division has been developed based on the use of pairs of orthogonal encoding and decoding matrices, the components of which are polynomials and integers. The principles of constructing schemes for implementing code channel combining on the transmitting side and arithmetic code channel division on the receiving side of the communication system and examples of such schemes are presented. The proposed approach will significantly simplify the design of encoding and decoding devices used in space and satellite communication systems.

Keywords: telecommunications systems, telecommunications devices, multiplexing, code division of channels, matrix analysis, encoding matrices, synthesis method, orthogonal matrices, integers

The presented program for operation/monitoring of the mill foundation includes monitoring the development of crack width by installing beacons, monitoring the foundation vibration by means of sensors installed in the equipment structure and geodetic monitoring of foundation settlement by means of an electronic tacheometer and a level. Monitoring was performed due to an increase in the vibration level of the equipment installed on the foundation and the detection of foundation defects in the form of cracks and concrete chips.

Keywords: monitoring, bearing capacity, foundation, dynamic load, concrete, reinforcement

The article discusses the main methods of carbon black granulation, and compares the results with an existing industrial installation. The granulation process is necessary to convert powdered carbon black into homogeneous granules in order to simplify its further transportation and use. Despite the wide variety of granulation methods, there are problems with the uniformity of granules, equipment wear, and the formation of stagnant zones. As a result of the experiments conducted on the laboratory granulator described in the article, photos of the results are provided. Each of the methods used has a description of stagnation zones, which allows us to conclude that the most efficient method is to convert powdered carbon black into granules.

Keywords: pelletizing, wear, granulator, rotor fingers, experiment, technique, carbon black

In the practice of hydraulic engineering construction, especially in mountainous and foothill areas, quite often there are conditions under which it is economically advantageous to build a dam reservoir from heterogeneous local materials with different filtration characteristics. As a rule, in such areas near the site of the future dam there is not enough homogeneous construction soil that meets all the requirements. However, it is possible to find soils that differ in water permeability, but in sufficient quantity for the construction of the body of this dam.

Keywords: reservoir, dam, filtration, soil, section, pool, anti-seepage core, flow, slope

The paper describes an automated security system for a mining container: a short circuit protection system for smooth start-up of equipment, temperature control and fire prevention of devices.

Keywords: mining, electrical safety, temperature maintenance, fire prevention, automated system

The article discusses the current problems that arise during the construction of oil and gas facilities in remote regions of the Russian Federation, characterized by the lack of a developed transport infrastructure. The main logistical, technical and economic difficulties faced by companies in the implementation of such projects are analyzed. Innovative solutions are offered to optimize the delivery of equipment and materials, the organization of temporary roads and shift camps. Special attention is paid to the application of modern technologies, such as modular construction and the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for monitoring and delivery. The methods of reducing the environmental burden on fragile ecosystems in construction areas are considered. In conclusion, recommendations are given on an integrated approach to solving construction problems in difficult logistical conditions, taking into account economic efficiency and environmental safety.

Keywords: oil and gas facility, transport infrastructure, logistics, modular construction, shift method, drone, ecology, optimization, innovation, inaccessibility, northern delivery, temporary road, supply, monitoring, efficiency