The article provides a brief overview of geomechanical methods for studying the stress-strain state of the soil mass and tunnel lining. The organization of monitoring in tunnels using conventional and fiber-optic systems is considered. Criteria for analysis of monitoring data and structural strength conditions are described

Keywords: railway tunnel, construction, operation, monitoring, strain gauge, stress, strain, strength, bearing capacity

The article is devoted to the use of natural minerals in water treatment. The paper presents the results of a study of the sorption properties of the opoka. The study showed the advantages of flask membranes compared to those deposited with silicic acid. The optimal conditions for the modification of the flask were determined, which make it possible to purify water from metal impurities to the required level.

Keywords: groundwater, water purification, deferrization, membrane, deposited membrane, sorption methods, flask, polyacrylamide

the article describes a variant of setting sequential algorithms in the form of bipartite graphs by further defining them, which makes it possible to work with algorithms using graph theory methods in the future. Two forms of the task are considered: modular and functional-predicative. The possibility of setting the algorithm in table-predicate form is shown. It is concluded that in addition to the generally accepted methods of setting the algorithm, it can be set in matrix-predicate or table-predicate form, which allows using methods of matrix theory and methods of predicate theory when working with algorithms. setting the algorithm in matrix-predicate form avoids isomorphism when performing algebraic and set-theoretic operations on it.; setting algorithms in matrix-predicate form allows you to perform almost any operations on them

Keywords: graph-algorithm scheme, sequential algorithm, predicative block, functional block, pre-definition, bipartite graph, table-predicative form, graph theory, isomorphism

There is an analysis of the urban development location and the capacity of public spaces for cultural and educational purposes was carried out using the example of cultural centres for Volgograd. The normative and actual material security is determined separately for each administrative district and whole sity. There are suggestions on the advisability of erecting new cultural objects.Dynamics of modern cities is taking into account.

Keywords: planning, cultural centre, cultural and social structure, standard of material security, actual material security

One of the most pressing problems in the oil and gas industry is numerous pipeline accidents that require innovative solutions. This article analyzes a promising method of repair using composite couplings, which include many advantages compared to steel structures. The strength characteristics of the couplings are also given and their installation process is described.

Keywords: Oil pipeline, overhaul, reinforcing composite coupling, composite materials

The calculation algorithm is given and various options for solving the problem are considered when changing the parameters of the design scheme of the rod system on the example of a beam in the MS Excel software environment together with the MathCAD package. The proposed approach allows you to combine formulas, graphics, and calculation results on a single sheet, which is especially useful in the educational process. It contributes to a more conscious perception of the calculation process by students, allows them to implement various forms of distance learning in information technologies.

Keywords: the core of the system, algorithm, modelling, integration, information technology

The authors of the article consider external socio-economic and internal motivational factors in the formation of reproductive behavior of young families living in the Rostov region. Based on empirical data, the authors of the work conclude that young spouses occupy quite active economic positions in the region we are studying. These professional strategies have a dual effect on reproductive behavior, determining the choice of one-child family model in the region

Keywords: model, cognitive analysis, family, young family, life strategies, value orientations reproductive behavior

The directions of modern research in the field of adaptive error correction, which can be applied when transmitting images in JPEG 2000 format over a noisy channel, are examined. Adaptive correction at the network level allows you to maintain a given percentage of packet delivery. Uneven protection at the application level is intended for use in broadcast broadcasts and allows the consumer to receive an image of various quality depending on the state of the network. Adaptive uniform protection at the application level is focused on point-to-point transmission and is aimed at receiving the maximum image quality by the receiver. The network layer tools discussed can be combined with the application layer tools.

Keywords: adaptation, noise-proof coding, forward error correction, noisy channel, JPEG 2000

To assess the impact of various groups of sources of emissions in urban pollution, there is a method that can be called the main one - the assessment of the contribution to total gross emissions. But this method does not take into account the significant features of dispersion of pollutant emissions in the atmosphere, as well as the specifics of the mechanisms of formation of concentrations of pollutants at a specific point in the city and the calculation of complex indicators of the level of air pollution in urban areas. The authors proposed a procedure for calculating the atmospheric pollution index for source groups using the “summary calculations” tool. The calculations were carried out on the licensed software product "Ecologist-city". Based on the calculations, conclusions were drawn on the reliability of determining the influence of various groups of emission sources on air pollution in the city of Krasnoyarsk, based on the assessment of contributions to the total gross emission in the city.

Keywords: atmosphere, air, ecology, ecology of urban areas, environmental safety, summary calculations, IZA

The article provides a study and calculation of the dependence of the hazardous area resulting from the operation of the flare equipment on the height of the flare at which service equipment and personnel can operate

Keywords: flare unit, radiation intensity, safe operation zone, thermal voltage

The article considers the results of development of water treatment technology for household drinking water in Semey, presents a comparative analysis of widely used disinfectants, and considers technological schemes for water disinfection with chlorine dioxide and a combined disinfectant " chlorine dioxide and chlorine".

Keywords: household drinking water, disinfectants, chlorine

The object of the research, the result of which is the presented work, is a comprehensive system of spatial data of the railway infrastructure, within which a high-precision system of coordinates of the Russian Railways has been created, and methods definition of normal heights in the Baltic Heights System 1977. The strategy and prospects for the development of high-speed transport highways (VSM) have been described. Methods for determining normal heights at research sites are given.

Keywords: Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), GLONASS, high-speed highway (Navy), high-precision coordinate system (WCC), altitude system, quasi-geoid

To date, the socio-economic situation in the country creates for the population quite significant obstacles in the implementation of tasks for the purchase of housing and other real estate through mortgage lending. However, when it comes to collecting the amounts owed on the loan, banks are faced with an analysis of the prospects for the sale of mortgaged property, as a result of which, in most cases, come to the conclusion that the original sale price of the mortgaged property with the realities of the market. In the article, the authors consider the judicial practice of determining the initial price of the mortgaged property and analyze the situation in which there is a need for judicial value examination, as well as give the main aspects of the methodology of this type of expertise. The purpose of the article is to form a clear idea of the reader about the process of resolving the dispute arising from the breach of obligations under the loan agreement.

Keywords: expert, forensic examination, subject of pledge, cost examination, assessment report, methodology

An algorithm for determining the lower confidence limit (NDH) for the minimum value of the hardness of a set of machine parts by calculation is developed. For processing of statistical data of the hardness measurements used a three-parameter Weibull distribution is offered. The transition from sample data to population data is carried out by the graphical method. According to the algorithm, NDH was found for the minimum hardness value with confidence probabilities p=0.9; 0.92;0.93;0.94.

Keywords: hardness, machine parts, sampling, aggregate, lower confidence limit, graphic method, calculation method

The mining industry, as well as the socio-economic development of this sector, makes a significant contribution to the development of the economy of some low-and middle-income countries rich in non-fuel minerals, as evidenced by the modified mining contribution Index (IVGP-BP). 10 of the 20 countries in which the mining industry contributes the most (the highest GPI-BP) rose one or two positions higher, according to the world Bank's country classification, between 1999 and 2019. Based on detailed data from the mining sector, such as mining, exports, prices, rents for mineral resources, mineral exploration expenditures, and state budget revenues, the current situation for 2019 is analyzed, as well as trends regarding the contribution to the development of the socio-economic level of the mining industry for 1999-2019.

Keywords: mining, minerals, industry, economy, export, mineral rent, gold, coal