The task of creating a file format containing an image having an optimized (compressed) size is considered. The source file is in BMP format. The problem is solved on the basis of optimal interpolation of the data by polynomials of various degrees. The simulation of the algorithmization process was performed in the MATLAB package. The proposed algorithm showed good compression of the initial information.

Keywords: image, BMP format, compression, algorithm, polynomial regression

This article describes the trends in the development of modern architecture of industrial buildings. The main directions in the formation of recreational areas are identified. A broad descriptive base of project examples is given. the article considers the basic requirements for lighting airports, provides recommendations for design, as well as considered one of the best examples.

Keywords: architecture, industrial buildings, recreation area

The paper is concerned with relevant stress concentration research in construction elements made of structurally heterogeneous materials. On the base of the physico-mechanical model of structurally heterogeneous body (polycrystal) , with the use of finite elements method, stress distribution in construction elements made of polycrystalline metals with hexagonal lattice (magnesium, titanium, zinc) is investigated at various stress states. Coefficients of stress concentration in plates with circular holes are determined in the case of uniaxial tension, uniform biaxial tension, and pure shear. It is demonstrated that stress concentration coefficients calculated regarding microstructural factors of stress concentration can take values that considerably differ from values for isotropic body, depending on anisotropy of elastic properties of polycrystalline metals and a type of stress state

Keywords: linear and plane stress states, polycrystalline structure, microstructural factors, nonuniformity of stress

The risk management system of the Federal customs service of the Russian Federation needs to be improved - first of all the technology to identify the category of risk level of foreign trade activities participants in the framework of the risk categorization. When assessing the level of risk of participants in foreign economic activity, it is advisable to base the definition of the risk category on a set of heuristic rules reflecting the experience gained by customs officials and the ambiguity (blurring) of the initial data. The purpose of the study is to determine the possibility of improving the system of customs risk management by creating a fuzzy model of risk classification of traders. A prototype of fuzzy model (Mamdani algorithm) for determining the level of risk of of foreign economic activity participants, developed in the environment of Fuzzy Logic Toolbox Matlab package, is presented. Recommendations on the creation of a full-fledged model of risk categorization of traders are formulated.

Keywords: risk management system, categorization, risk level, foreign economic activity participant, fuzzy logic, fuzzy model

The paper deals with the results of study on the degrees of stress inhomogeneity caused by interaction between differently oriented crystalline grains in macrovolumes in case of non-uniform uniaxial tension. Calculation of finite element volume consisting of forty grains is performed. It has been revealed that the quantity of forty grains is enough for constituting the smallest body volume, which can be assumed to have the averaged properties of a macrovolume. Directions of crystallographic axes were selected randomly. Calculations were performed for various metals with cubic and hexagonal lattices. Based on the results of calculations, the curves of normal stresses in the central cross-section of the elementary volume were constructed. It has been found that the significant exceedance of normal stress values is possible in comparison to the values calculated for quasi-isotropic fine-grain material. Dependence between the degree of stress inhomogeneity and the degree of anisotropy of elastic properties has been demonstrated

Keywords: microvolume, macrovolume, non-uniform tension, degree of stress inhomogeneity

The distribution center is one of the main elements of the distribution system, which forms the structure of the movement of resources. It is responsible for ensuring the efficient allocation of the flow of resources. The effective location of the distribution center allows you to reduce the cost of allocating resources to 30%. The method of solving the problem of effectively securing demand zones for a particular distribution center is proposed in this article. The uncertainty of the initial parameters is taken into account when solving this problem. The result of solving the problem of determining the effective location of distribution centers is a set of fuzzy intervals. These intervals determine the coordinates of the location depending on the parameters of the task, namely, the demand of consumers, the capacity of distribution centers, the distance between the resource consumers and the center. The location of the distribution center will be determined not by a specific numerical value, but by a fuzzy interval that will determine the region of the best location. A software application is developed that allows you to specify parameters in a fuzzy interval form, on the basis of which the results of solving the problem are formed. The cost of delivering resources to consumers changes significantly with the change in the number and location of distribution centers, so the issue of rational distribution and the number of centers is important. This task becomes especially relevant when a new distribution system is being designed, or the existing system is being modernized.

Keywords: distribution centers, the demand, the uncertainty of the initial parameters of the fuzzy intervals, potential interactions, grouping

Structurally heterogeneous materials, in particular polycrystalline materials, have wide application in construction and technics. The higher values of local microstress in comparison to the average values of stress lead to the faster exhaustion of bearing capacity and destruction. Therefore, nonuniformity of microstress and microstrain depending on structure, physical and mechanical properties, should be taken in consideration when estimating bearing capacity, especially for the elements of construction with different stress concentrators. On the base of the physico-mechanical model of structurally heterogeneous body stress concentration for small-scale plates , made of polycrystalline materials with hexagonal lattice, with circular holes, at the case of uniaxial stress state, is investigated. It is shown that coefficients of stress concentration depending on anisotropy of elastic properties of polycrystalline materials can take values which considerably differ from values for isotropic body. Physico-mechanical model developed for structurally heterogeneous body allows studying local microstress in the construction elements at various stress states, with different forms and kinds of stress concentrators, which is the subject of the further research

Keywords: stress distribution, structural heterogeneity of the material, polycrystalline metals,microstress and microstrain, stress concentration

For the successful operation of enterprises in an unstable economic situation in our country, it is necessary, first of all, competent management of operational trade accounting, allowing you to quickly navigate in difficult market situations and make informed management decisions that reduce commercial risk. In these conditions for any organization the task of creation of effective system of supply of raw materials at the enterprise is actual. The article presents an example of qualitative evaluation of the competitiveness of the supplier.

Keywords: quality management system, process, supplier, generalized indicator, weighting factor, competitiveness

In article traffic safety and capacity of bridge crossings is considered. The road accident which happened on the bridge crossing sharply reduces its capacity and, therefore, all road in general. At emergence of danger to the movement in difficult road conditions the driver is compelled to apply the emergency braking. Thus the road accident won't occur when a distance between cars more or is equal to the size of a stopping way. At determination of length of a stopping way of the car at the emergency braking values of sizes of time of delay of operation of the brake drive and time of increase of delay are used.

Keywords: traffic safety, bridge crossing, capacity, stopping way, distance

The article describes the main problems of implementation of energy-efficient technologies in the construction sector. The key parameters affecting the energy efficiency of the building, ways to minimize energy losses.

Keywords: Increase of energy efficiency of buildings, minimization of energy losses, energy efficiency class of the building, economical consumption of energy resources

In this paper, we consider the application of the optical heterodyning method for signal processing of a receiving device. The simulation of the developed scheme was carried out in the environment of OptiSystem. Also presented are the results of modeling, explaining the principle of operation of this scheme.

Keywords: optical heterodyning, radio frequency, L-band, signal spectrum

The problem of identification of defects in the construction in the form of a wall element is considered. Numerical simulation of the structure is carried out in the Ansys finite element complex. The investigated model of a wall structure has a defect in the form of a through crack, of a certain length. The edges of the cracks do not interact with each other. The excitation of the structure under pulsed loading is considered. Wave field displacements at control points are analyzed. Identified signs of identification of crack-like defect.

Keywords: numerical modeling, wall element, defect, crack, identification, finite element modeling, dynamic analysis, oscillations, displacement wave field

The problem of identification of defects in the construction in the form of a wall element is considered. Numerical simulation of the structure is carried out in the Ansys finite element complex. The investigated model of a wall structure has a defect in the form of a through crack, of a certain length. The edges of the cracks do not interact with each other. The excitation of the structure under pulsed loading is considered. Wave field displacements at control points are analyzed. Identified signs of identification of crack-like defect.

Keywords: numerical modeling, wall element, defect, crack, identification, finite element modeling, dynamic analysis, oscillations, displacement wave field

The question of cost management of the construction organization within the economic mechanism of functioning of the enterprises of a construction complex is considered, the accepted approaches to terminology and this question, and also bases of conceptual device are given. The paper presents various classifications of costs, the questions of conceptual nature within the terminology of "cost Management" as the impact of the subject of management on the object of management and within the framework of the formation of the management structure. The main tasks, principles, approaches and elements of cost management in the construction organization are defined.

Keywords: cost management, cost management, costs, construction, construction organization, construction products

the article considers the basic requirements for lighting airports, provides recommendations for design, as well as considered one of the best examples.

Keywords: airport, lighting, illumination, interior