The article offers examples of simulated processes for creating a digital twin, a monitoring process, and a cargo transportation process. A theory is proposed for calculating a mathematical model based on Petri nets. Models for placing an order and its delivery are proposed, as well as a model of information flows using the example of developing models for the processes of transporting perishable products in a refrigerated container.

Keywords: Business process, modeling, BPMN, IDEF1, DFD, Petri nets, mathematical model, intelligent 3D model

An optimization model has been developed for the minimum required number of employees carrying out transport security measures included in transport security units, taking into account the algorithm for distributing employees, including various groups according to individual functions performed at different security levels, as well as the likelihood of various threats to transport security.

Keywords: transport strategy, digitalization of transport security, cost optimization, transport security units, requirements for ensuring transport security

The article analyzes approaches to assessing the degree of uniformity in the use of labor resources in the construction sector. The Herfindahl-Hirschman index is proposed as a key tool, which makes it possible to quantify the uniformity of the distribution of labor at various stages of the construction process. The use of this index contributes to more rational planning of labor costs, which helps to reduce downtime, prevent overloading of employees and, as a result, increase the overall efficiency of construction projects.

Keywords: uniformity of labor force use, indicators of uniformity, assessment of uniformity, labor resources, calendar planning

Today in the modern world many architectural solutions are aimed at improving the quality of the environment, increasing energy efficiency by minimising the consumption of artificial light. One of the solutions to these problems is the use of natural light, thanks to which it is possible to reduce the impact of artificial lighting, reduce energy consumption. As it is known in most cases daylight enters the premises through translucent constructions, it is the correct design of windows that makes it possible to increase the flow of sunlight. Depending on the window parameters it is possible to control, distribute the natural light coming into the room. The article considers the influence of the ratio of windows to walls as one of the design options for optimising natural light. The research will be carried out with application of modelling in the software complex for calculation of distribution of daylight.

Keywords: natural light, natural light factor, translucent structures, optimisation, area, modelling, walls, working surface, illuminance, vertical expansion, horizontal expansion, recommendations, model, energy efficiency

The article deals with the distribution of air flow velocities for cities of compact configuration on the example of the city of Stavropol. The verification of the implementation of Weibull's law for different wind flow velocities in its various directions has been carried out.

Keywords: wind flow direction and velocity, atmospheric air, distribution law, Weibull's law, mixed Gaussian distribution, change in air flow velocities, time of day, compact city

The work is devoted to the development of eco-industrial parks in the Southern Federal District. They represent the territory allocated for sewage treatment plants (CBS). Examples of CBS using bioreactors with a ruff nozzle at denitrification, nitrification and wastewater treatment plants are given, which have a sanitary protection zone of 15-50 m for closed pavilions, allowing them to be placed directly in residential buildings. The economic parameters of the eco-industrial park are given depending on the productivity of CBS m3/day. The result of the work is a technological scheme developed by the authors for completing an eco-industrial park at the KOS site, a scheme of an eco-industrial park with an area of no more than 8 hectares is presented.

Keywords: eco-industrial parks, sewage treatment plants, wastewater, bioreactor, waste

On the basis of the analysis of tourist infrastructure objects location the influence of tourist flow seasonality on the number of temporary population of resort towns is shown. The relationship between the level of urban infrastructure development and seasonality of tourist flows is revealed.

Keywords: urban planning objects, engineering and transportation infrastructure, temporary population, tourist flow, seasonality, types of tourism

This article is devoted to the development of a method for detecting defects on the surface of a product based on anomaly detection methods using a feature extractor based on a convolutional neural network. The method involves the use of machine learning to train classification models based on the obtained features from a layer of a pre-trained U-Net neural network. As part of the study, an autoencoder is trained based on the U-Net model on data that does not contain images of defects. The features obtained from the neural network are classified using classical algorithms for identifying anomalies in the data. This method allows you to localize areas of anomalies in a test data set when only samples without anomalies are available for training. The proposed method not only provides anomaly detection capabilities, but also has high potential for automating quality control processes in various industries, including manufacturing, medicine, and information security. Due to the advantages of unsupervised machine learning models, such as robustness to unknown forms of anomalies, this method can significantly improve the efficiency of quality control and diagnostics, which in turn will reduce costs and increase productivity. It is expected that further research in this area will lead to even more accurate and reliable methods for detecting anomalies, which will contribute to the development of industry and science.

Keywords: U-Net, neural network, classification, anomaly, defect, novelty detection, autoencoder, machine learning, image, product quality, performance

Phosphogypsum is a large-scale solid waste from the production of phosphoric acid by the extraction method. The volume of accumulated waste in the world amounts to hundreds of millions of tons, and their disposal is becoming increasingly important. The article provides a brief overview of recent research on the use of phosphogypsum as a component of building materials. A list of the main factors of the negative impact of phosphogypsum waste on the environment is given, as well as the main impurities in its composition that reduce the quality of the resulting materials and methods for eliminating these impurities. It is shown that of the many products that can be obtained using phosphogypsum, the most widespread are construction and road materials, in which it is proposed to be used as a replacement for natural gypsum and sand.

Keywords: phosphogypsum, environment, building materials, road coverings, modifying additives

The paper discusses the use of carbon fiber composite materials for reinforcement of specimens made of pipe sections in tension under the action of internal pressure. Experimental investigations of steel pipes under the action of internal pressure both without reinforcement and with different number of reinforcement layers with carbon tape are described. The main interest is in the joint operation of the pipe wall and external reinforcement elements. Significant influence of external reinforcement on stiffness and deformability of the specimens is noted.

Keywords: high-strength fiber, carbon fiber, carbon tape, adhesion layer, pipe, external reinforcement system, polymer composites, tensile strength

The article presents a comparative characteristic of the cities of Izhevsk and Khabarovsk according to different criteria, an assessment of atmospheric air quality according to the atmospheric pollution index (ISA) and its dynamics, and an improved atmospheric dispersion index (UMP) is calculated. According to most indicators, the cities are very similar and comparable, with the exception of emissions from stationary sources, which are 3-4 times higher in Khabarovsk. The UMP of the city of Izhevsk corresponds to a zone with favorable conditions for the dispersion of impurities, however, the indicators are close to the boundary of this criterion (UMP ≥ 3.5), in the city of Khabarovsk favorable conditions for the dispersion of impurities. This explains why, with emissions many times higher, the emissions in both cities are at comparable levels.

Keywords: atmospheric Pollution Index (ISA), improved atmospheric dispersion index (UMP), pollution, atmosphere, sustainable development

The possibility of using expanded perlite dust (RUNWAY) in cement binder systems is being considered. A method for modifying the binder by joint mechanical activation of Portland cement, alumosilicate waste and hyperplasticizer is presented. The physico-chemical features of the modified runway make it possible to regulate the processes of hydration, phase formation, as well as the formation of the structural matrix of the composite. The compressive strength of the binder using RUNWAY as an active mineral additive increases by 36% with a decrease in density.

Keywords: technogenic raw materials, perlite, binder, dispersion, modification, mechanical activation, hydration, structure formation, phase formation, resource conservation

The issues of atmospheric pollution, including noise pollution, are considered. The dependences of the concentration of carbon monoxide at distances from the roadway at different directions and speeds of the wind flow obtained according to MRR-2017 are presented. The influence of motor transport on the condition of the air basin and the health of the urban population is considered. The levels of noise pollution in the main-line territories of Volgograd, as well as the main pollutants in the atmospheric air of the main-line territories, are considered. The dispersion of CO concentration at different wind speeds at different angles of wind direction to the road and traffic noise levels depending on the days of the week, time of day, and traffic flow intensity are considered.

Keywords: wind flow direction and speed, roadway, atmospheric air, mainline territories, traffic noise levels, carbon monoxide concentration, vehicle fleet, cargo flow

motion of the body are obtained, which can only be solved numerically. The equilibrium equations are solved and the basic stationary modes of body motion are obtained. The main result is the most gentle body planning mode. In the matlab computer mathematics system, a set of programs is written that searches for a numerical solution and outputs trajectories. The movement of the modes under consideration is modeled and the stability of the main modes is looked at using numerical calculations.

Keywords: body, planning mode, stability, geometric dimensions

The paper offers one of the variants of construction and use of fuzzy query mechanism for modeling of telecommunication network state estimation. The modular architecture of the application is considered in detail, the logic of calculating the degrees of belongingness to each term of the selected linguistic variables is described, the stages of the algorithm of work with the mechanism of fuzzy queries are given.

Keywords: fuzzy query, search, membership function parameters, state estimation modeling, database, knowledge, fuzzy classification