This article deals with the use glass in modern rchitecture, with an emphasis on innovative approaches and technologies applied famous architects of the 20th and 21st centuries. The article analyses key projects demonstrating unique properties of glass as a material, conducive to the creation of dynamic, functional and visually expressive architectural forms. Special attention is paid to environmental aspects of glass and its impact on sustainability of architectural objects.

Keywords: "glass, architecture, energy efficiency, lighting, material, application, approach, shape, design, facade"

The article provides an overview of the most pressing issues arising from the widespread use of LED lamps in buildings and structures. This work is a precursor to a series of articles devoted to research in this field. The features of operation of electric lamps currently used in lighting systems are considered. The influence of lighting quality on human health and the effect of lamps on the electrical network is shown. The radiation spectra of lamps and their key difference from the natural solar spectrum are considered. The article presents the influence of the nature of the nonlinearity of the load of electric lamps on the quality of the power supply network and its individual components. The characteristic of the service life of energy-saving lamps is given.

Keywords: lighting, fixtures, lamps, lighting spectrum, nonlinear load, harmonic distortion, duration of operation, LED

 The article examines the influence of various industrial waste on the strength characteristics of concrete using the method of multifactorial experimental design. Three types of additives are considered: waste from sand-and-resin casting molds, aluminum powders from gas-dynamic spraying, and rubber crumb from used tires. The use of waste allows for increased environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness of concrete mixtures, as well as improved performance of materials. Experimental analysis revealed changes in the strength of concrete depending on the type of cement, type of waste, and percentage of natural sand substitution. The results obtained open up new opportunities for the development of sustainable construction.The article provides statistical data on the industry's contribution to global CO₂ emissions and justifies the need for the use of environmentally friendly materials. The "Materials and Methods" section outlines the methodology for conducting a multi-factorial experiment using the Latin square method to study the effects of three factors: the type of cement (M300, M400, and M500), the type of additive (casting molds, aluminum powders, and rubber chips), and the percentage of natural sand substitution (10%, 20%, and 30%). The article also describes the testing conditions and justifies the reduction in the number of experiments.The "Results" section presents data on the strength of concrete samples, explaining the greatest influence of the cement brand, the average influence of the substitution percentage, and the least influence of the type of waste. Empirical formulas derived from the results allow for the prediction of concrete strength under various combinations of factors. The "Conclusions" section highlights the practical significance of the work. It discusses the potential for cost reduction and environmental benefits from the use of industrial waste, as well as providing recommendations for the optimal composition of concrete mixtures for different applications.

Keywords: multifactorial experiment, research planning methodology, strength, concrete, industrial waste

The article is devoted to the scientific and methodological foundations of the development of compositions of composite materials specifically designed to significantly improve the physical and mechanical properties of substrates and road coverings of highways, various products and structures. The fundamental principles underlying the creation of an optimal structure of composite materials are described in detail, which contributes to a significant increase in strength, reliability and longer service life of structures. In addition, an analysis of modern methods for optimizing the composition of composites is given, special attention is paid to the importance of taking into account the specifics of interphase interactions between components and the distribution of filler particles inside the matrix. Practical approaches are described and examples of successful application of the principles and the potential of the solutions obtained are given. The key role of mathematical modeling and experiments, which are an integral part of effective formulation selection and optimization of composite properties, is highlighted separately. The main provisions of all the methods under consideration are the competent selection of high-quality starting materials, the correct determination of the optimal granulometric composition of the mineral components of mixtures, the accurate calculation of the required amount of binders, as well as strict control over the compliance of the designed characteristics with the planned indicators, which guarantees the receipt of high-quality and reliable substrates and coatings for highways, products and structures.

Keywords: building composites, composition, design, development, technology, modeling, property management, optimization, road clothing

The development of remote and hard-to-reach territories of Russia requires effective construction solutions that combine high performance, environmental friendliness, and full factory readiness. This article presents the results of a study on modified arbolite designed for use in the production of volumetric spatial modules. To improve the physico-mechanical properties of the conventional composition, a comprehensive chemical modification of the wood aggregate was applied, including preliminary treatment with aluminum silicate (Al₂SiO₅) followed by the introduction of ethanedioic acid into the mixture. It has been experimentally established that the proposed modification leads to a statistically significant reduction in the average density of the material by 11%, while simultaneously increasing the compressive strength by 47% compared to control samples. The physico-chemical strengthening mechanism, consisting in the formation of an organo-mineral framework within the wood structure, is substantiated. The results demonstrate the high potential of the developed material for use as a structural and insulating component in modular construction for regions with extreme climatic conditions.

Keywords: modified arbolite, modular construction, aluminosilicate, ethanedioic acid, compressive strength, and density

The article considers the problems of using construction materials of improper quality in Russia. The concepts of sub-standard, fraudulent and counterfeit construction materials (SFC materials) are defined. The distinctive features of SFC products in the construction materials market and the consequences of non-compliance with general requirements for their quality are highlighted. Features of digital marking of construction materials in Russia are analyzed. Key problems of incoming inspection made by the contractor and their causes are highlighted. In conclusion, recommendations are given to improve the efficiency of the incoming inspection system for construction materials.

Keywords: construction materials, quality, fraudulent products, counterfeit products, labeling, safety of buildings and structures, construction control, incoming inspection

This article presents the results of a study of the particle size distribution (PSD) in aqueous suspensions of eight natural and artificial minerals, including gypsum, limestone, marl, shale, anhydrite, dolomite, bentonite, and cement. The analysis was conducted using sedimentation in a particle size range from submicron to hundreds of micrometers, revealing significant differences in distribution depending on the mineralogical composition. A study of the particle size distribution revealed that samples with narrower distributions, such as anhydrite and bentonite, exhibit high stability and predictable kinetic characteristics, while the polymodal distributions of marl and cement suggest their suitability for use as fillers. The obtained data allow us to predict their influence on the properties of binders, including hydration rate, packing density, pozzolanic activity, and tendency to aggregation. The results may be useful for optimizing technological processes in the development of repair and restoration compounds and binders.

Keywords: particle distribution, size, suspension, binders, sedimentation, colloidal stability, repair and restoration compounds, median, distribution width

This article examines the environmental, economic, and technological aspects of using rice husk ash (RHA) in the construction industry. It is shown that the use of this waste from the rice processing industry helps reduce the carbon footprint and improve the quality of cement paste. The results of an experimental study of the effect of RHA on the physical and mechanical properties of cement paste are presented. Patterns of change in setting time, water requirement, strength, and hardening kinetics are established when replacing part of the Portland cement with RHA in quantities of 5, 10, 15, and 20% of the cement mass. It is shown that the optimal content of the additive is 15%, which improves the strength properties of cement paste at the age of 28 days by 10% compared to conventional cement.

Keywords: rice husk ash, Portland cement, cement paste, setting time, water requirement, strength, hardening kinetics, pozzolanic activity

To enhance the performance characteristics of asphalt concrete mixtures in high-temperature conditions typical of hot climates, researchers actively employ various stabilizing additives aimed at increasing the durability of road pavements. One traditional solution is the use of the Sтилобит modifier, which improves the resistance of asphalt concrete to deformations, rutting, and cracking caused by intense traffic loads and climatic factors. However, Sтилобит has several drawbacks, including insufficient binder stability at high temperatures and a limited ability to ensure optimal material density, which can reduce the overall effectiveness of the pavement. These limitations drive the search for more modern and efficient alternatives that can balance quality and cost-effectiveness. Within the scope of this study, a new stabilizing modifier, PROPolymer MA-CK, was evaluated as a promising alternative to Sтилобит. For comparative analysis, two asphalt concrete mixtures were prepared: one with the addition of Sтилобит and the other with PROPolymer MA-CK. Laboratory tests demonstrated that the mixture with PROPolymer MA-CK exhibits improved performance characteristics, including enhanced resistance to rutting, better binder stability, and higher material density, which contributes to reducing the risk of deformations. Thus, PROPolymer MA-CK can be considered a more effective alternative to Sтилобит, providing not only increased reliability and durability of road pavements but also potential cost reductions in the construction and maintenance of roads.

Keywords: Polymer MA-CK, crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete mixtures, rut, rut formation, performance characteristics, Stylobite, modifiers

The article presents the experience and technology of arranging floors of industrial buildings based on cement mortar containing modified basalt microfiber. Structural solution of floor with coating modified with basalt microfiber is given. Technological operations performed at the facility are indicated. Invention proposes a modified solution mixture composition characterised by improved physical and mechanical characteristics. Prior mechanical separation of the microfibers in suspension with water and plasticizer has been found to promote more uniform distribution of the fibers throughout the solution mixture.The scheme of organization of the workplace when laying fiber reinforced cement mortar mixture in the floor covering structure is presented. It has been found that by introducing modified basalt microfibers into the cement mixture, shrinkage strains of the mortar are reduced, which contributes to increasing the crack resistance of the cement coating. Physical and mechanical characteristics of the modified coating are determined, such as abrasion, compressive strength and bending tensile strength. Improved physical and mechanical characteristics of the modified cement mortar were noted, which makes it possible to use the developed compositions and technology when arranging floors in buildings with increased mechanical effects.

Keywords: monolithic coating, device technology, dispersed reinforcement, concrete, modified basalt microfiber, fiber reinforced coating, mortar mix, floors of industrial buildings

This article examines the influence of used saw blade surface roughness parameters on the load-bearing capacity of adhesive joints in wood-metal composites. Various methods of steel surface preparation, including mechanical and abrasive treatment, are considered. The focus is on establishing a quantitative relationship between metal surface roughness and adhesive joint strength with varying reinforcement depth and adhesive layer composition. Experimental studies were conducted using the Protodyakonov-Teder multifactorial design method. It was found that surface treatment method has a decisive influence on the load-bearing capacity of the joint, and optimal roughness ensures maximum mechanical adhesion between the adhesive and the metal.

Keywords: multifactorial experiment, roughness, load-bearing capacity, wood-metal composite, adhesive joint, used saw blade

The results of a study of the shrinkage, mechanical properties, and durability of slag-lime concrete modified with machine and vegetable oils are presented. To determine the effect of the oils, the physical and mechanical properties (setting time, compressive strength, and autogenous shrinkage) were tested. The experimental results show that using oil as a structure modifier for slag-lime concrete can significantly reduce its autogenous shrinkage by reducing surface tension and creating a denser internal structure. It was found that emulsified oils provide superior physical and mechanical properties to concrete compared to non-emulsified oils. The setting time is also longer than in compositions without an organic modifier. The use of emulsified oils reduces the negative properties of slag-lime concrete, such as shrinkage, cracking, and reduced setting time.

Keywords: metallurgical waste, granulated slag, hardening activator, binder, superplasticizer, setting time, spray, strength

The article presents the compositions and technology of preparation of fine-grained concrete using modifying additives and superplasticizers. It is proposed to use waste from thermal power plants in the form of carbon black as a modifying additive. Depending on the amount of soot, parameters of the mobility of the mixture and indicators of compressive and flexural strength were determined. The optimal consumption of soot waste in the amount of 1.0% of the binder weight was established, at which the maximum parameters of the mobility of the mixture and the strength of fine-grained concrete were obtained. The complex effect of soot waste and super-plasticizer on the change in the physical and mechanical properties of concrete is considered. The combined use of soot and a plasticizing additive in a 1:1 ratio contributed to an increase in the mobility and tensile strength of the hardened fine-grained concrete during compression and flexural stress. The method of electromagnetic activation in a linear induction rotator was used to prepare dry mixtures.

Keywords: fine-grained concretes, soot waste, superplasticizer, electromechanical reinforcement, mobility, strength

The aim of this work is to determine the physico-mechanical properties of modified wood (pine) to study the possibility of its use in parquet flooring.
The proposed modification method involves heating the wood using microwave technology and pressing it into a square cross-section. The density of pine increases significantly with the proposed technology and exceeds that of oak. The static hardness of the modified pine falls into the category of hardwoods. The core part of the sample is pressed more densely and belongs to the category of very hardwoods.
The compressive strength of the wood along the grain is 4 to 6 times greater than its strength across the grain. Therefore, from the perspective of compressive loads, parquet elements in the form of end-grain blocks are preferable. The compressive strength along the grain of the modified wood is practically equal to that of oak. The shear strength is probably the most vulnerable and, consequently, the most important strength characteristic for the proposed type of parquet; it is 10–13 MPa, compared to 6–12 MPa for common wood species.
Shrinkage and swelling of wood occur due to the removal of bound moisture from the cell walls; that is, if the wood's moisture content falls below the fiber saturation point, shrinkage reaches its maximum value. The proposed wood modification method (microwave technology) helps to avoid structural distortions associated with shrinkage. When wood is moistened up to its fiber saturation point, the wood cell walls thicken and swell, leading to an increase in the dimensions and volume of wooden products. The conducted experiments on the kinetics of swelling show that the modified wood is highly sensitive to changes in ambient humidity, which will undoubtedly lead to warping of the parquet. Therefore, this material can be recommended for use only on the condition that a completely waterproof coating is applied to the surface of the product. The thickness of the lacquer film should be at least 60 microns, and the quality of the lacquer coating should be no lower than class 3.

Keywords: wood, modified wood, determination of wood properties, mechanical properties of wood, influence of moisture on wood properties, wood swelling, parquet

This article presents the results of a study on the composition of decorative concrete that exhibits luminescence at night and architectural expressiveness in daylight, while maintaining enhanced physical and mechanical properties. The feasibility of producing decorative concrete using container and construction glass waste in combination with photoluminescent additives is demonstrated.

Keywords: concrete, decorative concrete, luminescent concrete, cullet, photoluminescent additives, plasticizing additive

The article discusses the surface-active properties of casein and its potential for use as a bioorganic additive in repair and restoration compounds (RRC). An analysis of literary sources confirming the amphiphilic nature of casein, its ability to stabilize interfacial systems and form stable micelles is carried out. The results of an experimental study of the dependence of the surface tension of aqueous solutions of casein on its concentration, carried out by the hanging drop method on a DSA-100 tensiometer, are presented. It is shown that casein effectively reduces the surface tension of an aqueous solution, especially at concentrations of up to 4–5%, which confirms its active adsorption at the phase boundary. Based on the obtained surface tension isotherm, the predicted wettability is considered based on the Young equation. The data obtained emphasize the prospects of using casein as a natural surfactant for creating environmentally friendly and authentic restoration materials that meet the requirements of construction and restoration.

Keywords: casein, surfactants, repair and restoration compounds, surface tension, wettability.

Reinforced concrete structures (RCS) operating under the natural conditions of the Far North are subjected to alternating freezing and thawing. The impact of freezing–thawing cycles (FTC) leads to the degradation not only of the strength but also of the deformation properties (DP) of concrete. In the current design standards for RCS, the DP of concrete and reinforcement are specified as average statistical values. This study investigates the influence of the variability of concrete’s deformation properties on the reliability of the load-bearing capacity of flexural reinforced concrete elements before and after exposure to FTC. It was shown that considering the variability of concrete’s deformation characteristics at reinforcement ratios up to 1% under alternating temperature conditions has practically no effect on the load-bearing capacity, while at reinforcement ratios close to the limiting values it leads to its reduction. In addition, recommendations were provided for the design of flexural reinforced concrete elements under alternating temperature conditions.

Keywords: freeze-thaw cycle, statistical regularities of resistance, flexure, reinforced concrete, ultimate deformation of concrete, assurance

Fiber concrete is one of the most promising building materials. However, it is most commonly used in finishing materials, small architectural forms, industrial floors, and decorative facade details, and is less commonly used in load-bearing structures. Meanwhile, the use of fiber concrete, including fiber reinforced concrete, in load-bearing structures is limited due to a lack of information about the material's behavior under load, and additional experimental data is needed for theoretical understanding. The article discusses experimental studies of concrete reinforced with polypropylene fiber for compression and central tension. Qualitatively different patterns of destruction of concrete and fiber concrete samples were identified. The analysis of the results showed that the highest peak load values were observed in samples with a 1% polypropylene fiber content. Compared to the control series, the load-bearing capacity increased by up to 45%. 

Keywords: fiber concrete, fiber, polypropylene fiber, compression tests

Concretes based on ground blast-furnace granulated slag activated with alkaline solutions exhibit excellent mechanical properties. However, they have significant drawbacks, such as rapid setting and poor workability during concreting. The effect of various superplasticizers on the properties of pastes prepared from ground blast-furnace granulated slag activated with alkaline solutions was studied. An aqueous solution of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide was used as an alkaline slag hardening activator. The effect of superplasticizer dosage on the setting time, flowability, and changes in compressive strength of slag-alkali solutions was studied. It was found that properties of the freshly prepared paste, such as the initial and final setting times, increase with increasing the solution-to-slag ratio and with the addition of a superplasticizer. Superplasticizers based on naphthalene sulfonic acid and polycarboxylate ether were found to effectively influence both the setting time, workability, and strength of slag-alkali binder-based compositions. It was established that a slag-alkali composition with a mortar-to-slag ratio of 0.4 exhibits low workability and is not technologically feasible for on-site concreting, while its optimal value is 0.5. A superplasticizer dosage of 2% of the slag mass ensures not only the technological requirements for concreting (the initial and final setting time and concrete mix mobility), but also the strength properties of the formed concrete based on ground blast-furnace granulated slag.

Keywords: metallurgical waste, granulated slag, hardening activator, binder, superplasticizer, setting time, spray, strength

The article discusses the issues of a comprehensive approach in architectural design and construction to ensure the energy efficiency of buildings, the production of environmentally friendly building materials, taking into account the climate of the construction area, as well as economic aspects. The environmental safety of the thermal insulation materials used in the design is of fundamental importance for people's comfort and health. The article discusses the selection of environmentally friendly thermal insulation materials for "green" construction and the possibility of creating a closed-loop economy. The technical and environmental characteristics of thermal insulation materials are analyzed, and modern environmentally friendly materials that can be used in the design and construction of buildings and structures are listed. The key factors that determine the economic efficiency of buildings are listed.

Keywords: energy efficiency, environmentally friendly thermal insulation materials, environmental safety, green construction, and a circular economy

The compositions of self-compacting fine-grained concrete using mineral additives such as silica, limestone flour and trepel, as well as polycarboxylate superplasticizer, have been studied. The main attention is paid to the effect of the composition of the mixture on the compressive and flexural strength, density, water resistance and frost resistance of concrete. The test results showed that samples with silica demonstrate increased strength, while the introduction of trepel and limestone flour reduces this indicator. The highest density and frost resistance (F600) were achieved in formulations with silica, without additional additives. The work highlights the importance of optimizing the grain composition of aggregates and the choice of plasticizers to improve concrete performance.

Keywords: self-compacting concrete, fine-grained concrete, silica, polycarboxylate superplasticizer, limestone flour, trepel, strength, density, frost resistance, water resistance

A protective coating based on carboxymethylcellulose and zinc powder has been developed. It was established that the incorporation of zinc and the plasticizer glycerol into the polymer matrix leads to an increase in adhesion and mechanical strength of the coatings—from 5.1 MPa to 15.5 MPa and from grade 4 to grade 0, respectively. The morphology of the coating was examined using optical microscopy. It was shown that zinc particles are relatively uniformly distributed within the polymer matrix, and their aggregation decreases upon glycerol addition. Digital images of the coatings were used to quantitatively evaluate the fraction of zinc particles located at the coating–substrate interface. Due to particle sedimentation, the particle fraction at the interface exceeds that on the surface by 10–20%, which improves the coating’s adhesion to the substrate. The coating was found to be resistant to acidic and alkaline media, organic solvents, and alcohols.

Keywords: carboxymethylcellulose, zinc powder, coating, mechanical strength, adhesion, chemical resistance

Due to the active development of the Northern and Arctic regions, modern damping materials for transport and construction infrastructure are subject to increased demands in terms of performance at low ambient temperatures. Theoretically, it has been shown that the restriction of segmental mobility and cold crystallization of polymers lead to an increase in stiffness and a decrease in damping and sealing functions. Formulations evolve through a controlled combination of base polymers, the introduction of "smart" fillers, technologically active additives, and the hybridization of elastomeric matrices. The evaluation of the low-temperature performance of elastomers is carried out based on the results of regulatory operational tests that simulate the maximum operating conditions of the product, and thermoanalytical / viscoelastic methods that reveal the physical nature of the transition to vitrification. However, these methods often lead to disparate results, are quite complex and require special high-precision equipment. In this regard, a method is proposed for rapid assessment of the low-temperature performance of elastomers based on the temperature dependence of Shore A hardness with the allocation of the T*hard criterion (fracture HRA(T)), which correlates with the glass transition temperature Tg, the brittleness temperature and the coefficient of frost resistance. The approbation was carried out on six polymer compositions of different nature, which showed that rubber elastomers (TPRK/TPRK-D) retain a highly elastic state up to minus 60 ° C (without the HRA(T) plateau), while thermoplastics demonstrate a sharp increase in hardness with saturation from minus 20 ° C, which indicates glass transition and limitation of use at lower temperatures. Statistical consistency (σ ≤ 3.6 units Shore A) confirms the reliability of the method. The proposed method is technologically advanced, recipe-sensitive, and suitable for primary ranking of frost resistance of seal and damper materials.

Keywords: elastomers, low-temperature performance, glass transition temperature, temperature limit of brittleness, coefficient of frost resistance, express assessment of low-temperature performance of elastomers based on the temperature dependence of Shore A

Modern road surfaces are subject to intense wear due to the effects of studded tires and deicing agents, which leads to significant economic losses. In Russia, the annual damage from such wear is estimated at hundreds of billions of rubles. To increase the durability of asphalt concrete, methods for modifying bitumen binders are being investigated, including the addition of rubber chips, polymers (SBS, EVA) and modified sulfur.
The most promising direction is the use of modified sulfur, which improves wear resistance, crack resistance and stability.
to deicing reagents. The article describes in detail the process of obtaining modified sulfur, including degassing and modification with 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB). Laboratory tests have shown that the optimal sulfur content in bitumen is 25-30%, while 30% demonstrate the best characteristics: increased heat resistance, shear stability and adhesion to mineral aggregate.
The results of IR spectroscopy confirmed the physical mixing of sulfur with bitumen without chemical reactions. The use of modified sulfur makes it possible to increase the service life of road surfaces and reduce repair costs, which is especially important in the context of an increasing sulfur surplus in the Russian Federation.

Keywords: road surface, asphalt concrete, wear resistance, wear gauge, studded tires, modification, degassing, sulfur, bitumen binder, ecology

The article provides a justification for the concept of a folding system for a prefabricated residential module based on wooden structures. An analysis of foreign analogues of prefabricated transformable wooden buildings and an assessment of the possibility of their use in northern climatic conditions has been performed. A transformation system for a prefabricated wooden module for use in northern and Arctic conditions is proposed and substantiated.

Keywords: low-rise housing construction, transformation, transformation of low-rise residential buildings, prefabricated transformable buildings, pre-manufactured at the factory, high degree of factory readiness