The article discusses aspects of the implementation of the architecture of cultural and educational centres in industrial cities. This article reveals historical context of the formation of cultural and educational institutions in the structure of industrial cities. Some of the objects in cities of the Donbass region are given as examples, including the context of architectural revitalization. The term "rehabilitation" is analyzed in relation to architectural and urban planning activities. The factors that determine the need for social rehabilitation in industrial cities are given in this article, including those applicable to the cities of the Donbass region. The aspects of social rehabilitation are formulated in this paper, which make it possible to apply this concept to industrial territories. Some socio-economic aspects, that reveal the meaning of architectural reinterpretation of objects of industrial and post-industrial territories, are given in this paper. Special attention is paid to the potential of cultural and educational centers as a tool for integrating former industrial territories into modern urban space.

Keywords: architectural heritage, industrial city, culture, cultural and educational institution, social environment, leisure, rehabilitation, modernization, architectural transformation, sustainable urban development, regional specifics

Many major cities around the world are seeing a trend toward compact housing units, typically located in central areas and fully integrated with existing urban infrastructure. Despite similarities in size and location, each project offers unique architectural and social solutions to address the housing crisis and adapt to limited space. With urban density increasing and real estate prices rising, compact housing projects, typically located in central areas and fully integrated with existing infrastructure, are becoming increasingly relevant. Despite the general trend toward smaller spaces, each project offers unique architectural and social responses to the challenges of modern urbanism.

Keywords: micro-housing, urbanization, architecture, city, infrastructure, mobility, sustainability, renovation, miniaturization, accessibility, autonomy, flexibility, project, space, concept

This article is aimed at analyzing river passenger transport infrastructure systems in order to establish a theoretical foundation for designing a modern system of architectural facilities serving river transport passengers. Based on the analysis of cities with developed river transport systems, both in domestic and international contexts, the study identifies the key factors influencing the formation of routes and the placement of facilities serving river passenger transport. It also formulates the principles for developing river transport infrastructure facilities. The findings reveal the specific characteristics of forming a river passenger transport system and provide a solid basis for its future development.

Keywords: river transport, river passenger transport system, river transport berthing infrastructure, pier, landing stage, pontoon, river terminal, river passenger route, river transport network, passenger facility in river infrastructure

It is assumed that since the beginning of time, humans have had an innate desire for unity with nature, but as civilization has evolved, it has become increasingly difficult to fulfill this desire, especially in densely populated urban areas where there is a focus on buildings and infrastructure rather than on maintaining human connection with nature. The concept of biophilic design has emerged as a major trend in contemporary architectural design and is being considered as an alternative to sustainable architecture. Unfortunately, despite its popularity, no effort has been made to comprehensively outline the etymological roots and historical evolution of the concept, as well as its integration into modern architecture. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the existing literature on biophilia, from its etymological roots to its integration into modern architecture. The approach taken in this review is a critical one, aimed at identifying and summarizing the existing relevant literature.

Keywords: biophilia, biophilic design, biophilic architecture, nature, architecture, environmental psychology, fromm, sustainability

The principles of biophilic design are becoming a key component of the architectural design of medical facilities due to the well-known psychological impact of natural elements on patients and medical staff. The inclusion of natural elements, such as the use of plants, natural light and shade, colors found in nature, and naturally occurring patterns and curves, in medical facilities has been shown to create a psychologically safe environment that promotes the health and well-being of patients and staff. This article explores the fundamental principles of biophilic design, the scientific evidence supporting its therapeutic effects, and practical examples of its use in healthcare settings to improve psychological health and well-being. This work contributes to the existing body of knowledge on biophilic design by providing an up-to-date review of recent research and real-world applications, including challenges

Keywords: biophilia, biophilic design, sustainable architecture, healthcare architecture, well-being, sustainability, biophilic architecture

The ongoing and planned comprehensive modernization of the bus station network within a city or region confirms the relevance of this study. Using examples of advanced domestic practices, the specifics of creating and developing transport hubs based on old and new bus stations are examined, criticism from direct users of the environment is analyzed, and domestic approaches are compared with international trends. Two main approaches to the reconstruction or construction of bus stations and the creation of transport hubs at them are identified: municipal facilities with a predominantly transport function, and investment facilities with a predominantly retail and entertainment function. A planar (horizontally developed spatial) organization of transport hubs is established as superior to a compact volume and/or the "dry feet" transfer principle.

Keywords: transport structure architecture, passenger facilities, reconstruction, bus stations, bus terminals,transport interchange complexe, transport hub, multifunctional complex

The article is devoted to researching the transformation of approaches to designing medical facilities for children. The work justifies the transition from traditional functional and hygienic models to a complex paradigm of «health architecture», where space becomes an active participant in the therapeutic process. Based on an analysis of the historical development of approaches to design up to modern concepts of biogenic design - the key principles of formation of an ozone-producing environment have been identified. Special attention is given to the scientific substantiation of therapeutic impact of architectural decisions, confirmed by research in the field of proof design. The result of the study is a set of principles for forming an architectural environment, aimed at creating conditions for physical and psycho-emotional recovery of children. 

Keywords: architecture, health architecture, children’s medical institution, sustainable architecture, biogenic design, therapeutic environment, ecological approach, space psychology, zoning, navigation

This article proposes a systematization of models for integrating university and urban public spaces. Based on an analysis of boundary permeability, functional zoning, and management models, four main types of interaction are identified: full integration, cluster integration, buffer integration, and isolation. Key characteristics, advantages, and risks are identified for each model, providing a practical tool for designing new educational environments that balance openness and academic autonomy. Attention is paid to the analysis of the management of integration processes, including hybrid governance and co-governance models necessary for overcoming institutional barriers. The study demonstrates that the cluster and buffer models are the most balanced and adaptive for contemporary Russian conditions, combining synergy with the urban environment while preserving academic identity.The proposed classification serves as a practical tool for designing campuses that balance openness and academic autonomy and can be used in developing concepts for modern educational environments.

Keywords: public spaces, university campus, urban public spaces, integration models, border permeability.

This article explores the mutual influence between the phenomenon of pilgrimage and the architecture of sacred structures on the Way of St. James to Santiago de Compostela, a route that gained paramount importance for European Christians after the Holy Land sites became inaccessible in the Middle Ages. The primary objective is to analyze how the architectural design of churches actively shaped the psychological and spiritual experience of pilgrims. The study employs Richard Sennett's concept of "Mind-Sight" (Умо-Зрение) as its theoretical framework, which posits that spatial perception is formed through movement, tactile sensations, and interaction with the environment, rather than through visual contemplation alone. The research is grounded in the examination of specific case studies along the route, including the churches of Le Puy-en-Velay, Rocamadour, Cahors, Burgos, Oviedo, and the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. The authors demonstrate that these churches functioned as multi-level shelters—providing physical protection, ecclesiastical sanctuary, and divine refuge—which directly determined their architectural appearance. Through massive walls, stone vaults, elevated locations, or integration into caves, the architecture evoked feelings of security, reverence, and humility. The study concludes that these structures were not passive backdrops but active participants in the pilgrim's journey, transforming the pilgrimage into a continuous architectural and psychological experience that prepared the traveler for the final encounter with the sacred.

Keywords: the Way of St. James, pilgrimage churches, medieval architecture, Gothic architecture, Romanesque architecture

Abstract. Terrorist risks and threats against buildings are an important topic for security studies. Such threats can vary in scale and execution technique, and each of them requires a special design approach. The following are the main types of terrorist risks and threats:
1. The threat of an explosion
2. Hostage threat
3. Threat of attack by unmanned aerial vehicles
4. Threat of vehicle attack. The purpose of the study is to study architectural means of protection against terrorist attacks, the influence of the spatial and spatial solution of the building structure, in particular, the communication frame of the building, on ensuring security in the event of threats of terrorist attacks. The following tasks can be distinguished::
- analysis of modern domestic and foreign experience in the field of protection against terrorism;
- analysis of spatial planning solutions of buildings, in particular, the influence of size and shape, as well as the organization of entrance distribution spaces on the level of protection;
- formulation of a set of recommendations for building design. The needs to protect buildings from terrorism include reducing both the threats themselves and their possible consequences, such as damage from shrapnel or an explosive wave.

 

Keywords: security, anti-terrorism, building, architecture, access control, communication framework, lobby, design, facade

This article introduces a new method for creating architectural objects that can effectively withstand technological threats. The innovation of the design schemes is based on a unique conceptual duality: the system can be analyzed both in the traditional three-dimensional paradigm of force transmission and using a fundamentally new four-dimensional resource model of stress redistribution. How does this model enable active resource management and adaptation of the structure to changing conditions? This is the focus of this article.

Keywords: transformation, four-dimensional architecture, spatial rod structures, technogenic threats, transmetric monoparametricism, twisted spatial beam, pentachoron, four-dimensional simplex

The article describes the stages of formation of architectural and construction solutions of the opera house from the concept stage to design solutions. The process is considered on the example of designing an opera house in one of the northern republics of the Russian Federation. The variability and differences of preliminary projects at different stages are considered taking into account acoustic comfort at the stage of development of architectural and design solutions of the object. The mutual influence and dependence of architectural, design and acoustic solutions of the theater and the need for their parallel consideration at the early stages of design are demonstrated.

Keywords: concert halls, opera houses, architectural and construction solutions, acoustics, architecture, acoustic characteristics, auditoriums, architectural and construction structures

The article considers the issue of forming a system of public spaces on university campuses as a key factor in educational, social and innovative activities. The functions, typology and principles of organizing campus public spaces are analyzed in the context of modern educational paradigms and urban trends. The scientific novelty lies in the systematization of the principles of organizing public spaces of various types as a single system that responds to the challenges of digitalization and the actualization of social interaction. A conclusion is made about the need to move from designing individual spaces to creating a holistic, flexible and multifunctional system that serves as the framework for university life.

Keywords: university campus, public space, educational environment, social interaction, innovation ecosystem, campus urbanism

Currently, one of the main factors influencing the formation of architecture is the functional purpose of the building, since it determines the essence of the architectural object. The purpose of the scientific work is to study the influence of building functions on the historical architecture of Europe and their impact on the development of modern architecture. This article sets the objectives of studying the classification of functional purposes of buildings, conducting a retrospective analysis of the development and formation of architectural styles in Europe, based on world design experience and the conducted research to identify the influence of the building function on its planning and volumetric-spatial solutions in the process of architecture development. The research method is the analysis of the historical architecture of Europe from the time of the inception of architecture to the present day, carried out on the basis of world design experience in different eras. In the course of the study, four main trends in the development of the functions of modern architecture were identified: integration with nature, creation of adaptive spaces, multifunctionality and development of new functions. It is concluded that the building function played the most important role throughout the entire period of architecture formation, which led to the emergence of a huge variety of building types today and made a significant contribution to the development of architecture of the XXI century.

Keywords: architecture, historical architecture, architectural style, functional purpose, European architecture, building type, retrospective analysis, function, influence, development

This study addresses the technical bottlenecks of generative AI in architectural style control by proposing a nodular workflow construction method based on ComfyUI (A graphical user interface for working with the Stable Diffusion model, simplifying the management of image generation parameters.), aiming to achieve precise and controllable generation of functionalist architectural renderings. Through deconstructing the technical characteristics of the Stable Diffusion (A generative AI model based on diffusion processes that transforms noise into images through iterative noise removal.) model, neural network components such as ControlNet (A neural network architecture used for precise control of image generation via additional input data.) edge constraints and LoRA(Low-Rank Adaptation. A method for fine - tuning neural networks using low - rank matrices, enabling modification of large models with minimal computational costs.) module enhancements are encapsulated into visual nodes, establishing a three-phase generation path of "case analysis - parameter encoding - dynamic adjustment". Experiments involving 10 classical functionalist architectural cases employed orthogonal experimental methods to validate node combination strategies, revealing that the optimal workflow incorporating MLSD (Multi-Level Semantic Diffusion. An algorithm that combines semantic segmentation and diffusion models to generate structurally consistent images.) straight-line detection and LoRA prefabricated component reinforcement significantly improves architectural style transfer effectiveness. The research demonstrates: 1) The nodular system overcomes the "black box" limitations of traditional AI tools by exposing latent space(A multi - dimensional space where neural networks encode semantic features of data.) parameters, enabling architects to directionally configure professional elements; 2) Workflow templates support rapid recombination within 4 nodes, enhancing cross-project adaptability while further compressing single-image generation time; 3) Strict architectural typology matching (e.g., residential-to-residential, office-to-office) is critical for successful style transfer, as typological deviations cause structural logic error rates to surge. This research holds significant implications in architectural design by leveraging ComfyUI to develop workflows that transform how architects visualize and communicate ideas, thereby improving project outcomes. It demonstrates practical applications of this technology, proving its potential to accelerate design processes and expand architects' creative possibilities.

Keywords: comfyui, functionalist architecture, style transfer, node-based workflow, artificial intelligence, architectural design, generative design

This paper shows that creatively adapting traditional Arab architectural elements—courtyards, mashrabiya screens, wind towers, and geometric ornament—enhances psychological comfort and sustainability in Gulf and North African spaces. Field data and case studies (Msheireb Downtown Doha, Louvre Abu Dhabi) reveal significant microclimate improvements: lower courtyard temperatures, reduced energy use, increased daylight uniformity, and lower stress levels. Adaptive, heritage-inspired façades and water features further support well-being and cultural identity. The findings confirm that integrating Arab architectural heritage with modern technology creates thermally stable, visually comfortable, and culturally meaningful environments that promote user well-being and reduce stress.

Keywords: courtyard, mashrabiya, barjeel, microclimate, design, interior, comfort, sustainability, ornament, lighting, bioadaptation, arab architecture

The article examines the evolution of residential development in coastal cities from the 18th century to the present. The concept of a coastal city is understood as a settlement whose living environment is interconnected with the coastline of the sea or bay, which imposes special requirements on the strength of foundations, waterproofing and anticorrosive properties of materials. The author shows why residential buildings require close attention: they experience prolonged climatic effects of high humidity, salt spray and wind erosion, and social factors such as tourist demand and the value of sea panoramas affect the density and typology of buildings. The paper identifies the key stages of architectural development: from wooden log houses and apartment buildings of the XVIII–XIX centuries to reinforced concrete structures and CLT panels of the XXI century, complemented by modern methods of moisture protection and digital modeling (BIM). Based on a comparative analysis of the loci, recommendations are given on how to combine the preservation of historical appearance and the introduction of sustainable development technologies, including polymer composite coatings, green roofs and multi-level embankments.

Keywords: coastal city, residential building, historical development, environmental factor, social factor, sustainable development, waterproofing, corrosion resistance, information modeling, polymer composite coating, green roof, bulk area, marine erosion

This article presents the first documented implementation of Rowena Reed Costello's compositional design methodology in Russian architecture and design education. Reed's pedagogical legacy, known for its emphasis on spatial hierarchy, visual logic, and perceptual training, has had a profound influence on the teaching of architecture and design in Western contexts, particularly in the United States, but has not yet been adopted in post-Soviet architecture curricula. In an applied pedagogical experiment within an architecture course at RUDN University, student participants were introduced to three core exercises from Reed's program. Additional focus groups included participating architects and designers and graduate students from the American University in Dubai, enabling comparisons of perception and performance across age and experience levels. Rubric-based assessment and qualitative feedback through surveys and interviews were used. The study results demonstrated measurable improvements in spatial thinking, perceptual clarity, and compositional coherence.

Keywords: composition, Rowena Reed Costello, spatial perception, spatial thinking, methods of architectural education, teaching architecture and design, visual logic, spatial hierarchy, compositional coherence, cross-cultural significance

This article examines the key features of the functional planning and architectural spatial organization of the typological group of public buildings and structures in the renovation of industrial buildings in coastal areas in order to create promising models of two different types of multifunctional spaces: creative clusters and multifunctional complexes. Both approaches take advantage of the structural and spatial advantages of these buildings while simultaneously implementing modern architectural and environmental techniques. For both types of renovation, adaptive space reuse, integration of green elements, sustainable energy solutions, increased accessibility, and preservation of industrial heritage are common methods. The specific changes for creative clusters include the transformation of the main workshops into flexible exhibition and cultural spaces, the inclusion of artistic elements and the creation of public areas. Conversely, multifunctional complexes turn these spaces into office areas, coworking areas, commercial premises and residential apartments. Overall, these renovation models not only revitalize the physical environment, but also contribute to the cultural, social and economic development of coastal urban areas, creating an incentive for future urban renewal projects.

Keywords: architectural and ecological renovation, industrial buildings, sustainable development, creative clusters, multifunctional complexes

A scientifically based author's architectural and spatial typology of visitor centers has been developed, taking into account the unique features of the Volgograd region. As a result of the system analysis, six fundamental models of space organization have been identified, each of which has specific characteristics and scope of application. Architectural and spatial models of visitor centers of natural parks of the Volgograd region have been developed. The proposed architectural and planning solutions can create the basis for the formation of a modern network of visitor centers in the Volgograd region.

Keywords: architecture, visitor center, natural and national parks, environmental architecture, recreational and health potential, national characteristics, construction, architectural design

This paper proposes a low-cost digital toolchain based on SketchUp-ComfyUI collaborative workflow to validate its technical feasibility in modern Functionalist architectural design. The research establishes a tripartite methodology comprising "geometric modeling - parameter extraction - rendering verification": initially developing core parameters through fundamental geometric models (cubes, cylinders) in SketchUp, followed by constructing visual workflows via ComfyUI's nodular interface for Functionalist architectural rendering. Key findings demonstrate: (1) Total time expenditure for residential unit prototyping and rendering reaches 26 minutes, meeting rapid design requirements; (2) ComfyUI accurately recognizes SketchUp geometries through AI parametric control mechanisms, yet constrained by SD training data limitations (Functionalist cases constituting merely 12.7%), exhibiting 55% semantic hallucination rates in massing generation while enabling reverse-engineering analysis of rendering visual semantics; (3) This toolchain achieves zero-cost implementation on standard computing hardware, pioneering democratized design approaches for Functionalist architecture.

Keywords: toolchain, functionalist architecture, SketchUp, ComfyUI, collaborative workflow, low-cost design, efficacy verification, parametric design, architectural rendering verification, low-cost computational design

This article examines examples of successful implementation of mixed reality technologies in the architecture of public and residential areas. The relevance of this work is justified by the fact that currently active digitalization is taking place, and humanity is striving for more comfortable and convenient living conditions, which is supported by the development of virtual technologies. Mixed reality in the development of new architectural forms opens up new possibilities for human interaction with the environment. This makes interaction more interactive and interesting, which contributes to improving the quality of life and creating innovative public spaces. The article will present specific examples of the implementation of such technologies, as well as their impact on everyday life and public practices.

Keywords: mixed reality, virtual technologies, digitalization, public spaces, residential areas, interactive interaction, comfortable living conditions, innovative solutions, urban environment, social practices, smart cities, human interaction, environment

The evolution of sports facilities built in the Krasnodar Region is covered from a scientific point of view. The relevance of historical research of these facilities in modern times is substantiated. The need to preserve sports facilities that have important architectural and cultural significance is noted. The illustrations are presented in chronological order, as well as brief historical information about the stadiums built in the 20th century. Primary attention is paid to the architectural and design features, innovative technologies of Krasnodar stadiums, taking into account further improvement and targeted transformation. The economic potential of sports facilities is identified as an important component of popularization and involvement of the population in a healthy lifestyle.

Keywords: sports facility, stadium, object, physical education, Krasnodar region, potential, architecture, construction, living environment

The paper investigates the use of architectural combinatorics to solve the problems of multifunctional residential complexes in the conditions of digital transformation. The main methods of combinatorics, including conceptual and formal approaches, are considered. The main stages of evolution of the method, starting from constructivism, and the role of modern digital technologies such as BIM, parametric modeling, machine learning and artificial intelligence in the implementation of combinatorial approaches are described. Attention is given to sustainable architecture and optimization of spatial solutions. Successful and problematic project examples are analyzed. Limitations of the application of the technologies are analyzed, as well as ethical and social aspects of their use. The conclusions substantiate the significance of the method in the context of contemporary challenges.

Keywords: architectural combinatorics, combinatorial methods, multifunctional residential complex, sustainable development, sustainable architecture, adaptive architecture, digital technologies, BIM, parametric modeling, machine learning, artificial intelligence

With the aging of Chinese society becoming an increasingly serious problem, the elderly care industry is gaining development. Nursing homes provide a wide range of services and include residential, medical, leisure and domestic facilities. Architectural solutions of modern elderly care facilities have significant differences from traditional ones. Traditional architectural solutions of nursing homes do not meet modern standards and requirements cannot be adapted to the needs of rapidly developing modern society. Therefore, it seems relevant to determine the principles of architectural organization of modern nursing homes in China. The purpose of the study is to determine the principles of architectural organization of modern nursing homes in China. To achieve the goal, the experience of design and construction of modern nursing homes in China and abroad was analyzed. Research methods: study of scientific works revealing the issues of architectural organization of nursing homes; study of design and graphic materials characterizing the practice of design and construction of elderly care institutions in China and abroad. The study revealed the following principles of architectural organization of modern nursing homes: the principle of regionality, the principle of targeting, the principle of individuality and privacy, the principle of openness, the principle of integration of medical function.

Keywords: nursing homes, regionality, addressability, individuality and privacy, openness, medical