The paper presents an analysis of the methods for the chemical modification of biochar. The characteristics of acid and basic modifications, modifications with hydrogen peroxide, sulfonation, amination, impregnation with metal oxides, and magnetization are examined. It is demonstrated that the method of modification, the parameters of the technological process, and the nature of the modifying agent all exert an influence on the chemical composition, structure, porosity, pore size, and total specific surface area of the modified coal. The combination of methods, technological parameters, and modifiers allows for the production of sorbents for wastewater treatment based on biochar with specific properties for the sorption of certain groups of different pollutants.

Keywords: biochar, chemical modification, sorption properties, porosity, pore size

This article analyzes the main causes of fatal injuries in the construction industry of the Russian Federation and a number of other foreign countries, including falls from heights, electric shock, injuries associated with the use of construction machinery and mechanisms, as well as exposure to harmful substances. In conclusion, the article highlights the importance of joint efforts by employers, employees and regulators to create a safer and healthier work environment in the construction industry. The implementation of the preventive measures described in the article can significantly reduce the risk of accidents and improve the well-being of employees.

Keywords: construction industry, industrial injuries, accidents, causes of injuries, working conditions, occupational risks, working at height, occupational safety, environmental factors, workplace organization, training

Recent trends in the architecture of public buildings and structures are aimed at innovation and sustainable development, driven by the needs of the environment and society. The design, which takes into account the challenges of the pandemic, includes improved ventilation, contactless technologies and adaptable layout to create safer spaces. Digital twin technology provides real-time monitoring and optimization of building systems, paving the way for a more ergonomic infrastructure. Mass-scale wooden construction represents an ecological, aesthetic and low-carbon alternative to traditional materials. Zero-energy buildings integrate renewable energy sources and efficient systems to balance energy consumption and production. 3D printing in construction allows you to quickly create prototypes and complex projects, expanding architectural possibilities. Green and blue infrastructure combines natural elements, storm water management and urban environment cooling. Together, these trends contribute to the creation of more advanced and adaptable public buildings, reducing environmental impacts and improving energy efficiency. The combination of these achievements leads to the creation of innovative combined architectural solutions that contribute to the creation of a healthier and more harmonious urban environment.

Keywords: public buildings, 3D printing in construction, additive manufacturing, sustainable architecture, energy conservation, energy efficiency, environmental friendliness, green architecture, eco-friendly design, zero-consumption buildings

Ferrous metallurgy enterprises emit a significant amount of fine dust into the atmosphere every year. The article presents the results of a study performed to determine the dispersed composition of the dust of the ingredients in the emissions of the furnaces of the chipboard steelmaking workshop. The combined use of energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of the analysis made it possible to obtain the fractional composition of the ingredients, the values of equivalent dust particle sizes and the integral dependences of the distribution density for equivalent sizes (diameters) were obtained D ingredients containing dust from chipboard furnaces in the samples. Based on the conducted research, it was concluded that it is possible to use certain types of dust collectors in dedusting systems to achieve an acceptable value of their effectiveness to improve the environmental safety of the steelmaking shop.

Keywords: metallurgy, aerosol, dust, ingredient, particle, dust collector, electric steelmaking shop, dispersion analysis, distribution density,average median diameter, dh 50

The specifics of the development of organizational and technological solutions for the reconstruction of outdoor lighting in St. Petersburg are devoted to solving the problems of organizing the reconstruction of outdoor lighting facilities in St. Petersburg. The features of the development of organizational and technological solutions (OTP) for linear objects are analyzed. The specifics and factors of OTR for the production of works in the cramped conditions of a large city, in the absence of the possibility of placing storage sites and temporary buildings and structures, are considered. It is proposed to use production line method of construction for the formation of calendar plans for the reconstruction of the facility.

Keywords: reconstruction, outdoor lighting, organizational and technological solutions, cramped conditions, production line method of construction

In order to optimize the operation of dust-settling chambers of steelmaking furnace emission purification systems and increase the overall efficiency of the cleaning system, the movement of gas-air flows and dust particles of different diameters inside dust-collecting chambers was studied using the SolidWorks software product with the FlowSimulation application, which allowed us to investigate the influence of a number of factors, for example, fractional composition, the condition of the working surfaces of chambers, on the movement of gas-air the flow.

Keywords: steelmaking furnace, gas-air flow, dust-settling chamber, cleaning efficiency, dust, dispersed composition, modeling

An assessment of the oxidizing ability of activated sludge used in the process of biological wastewater treatment was carried out when it was treated with a direct electric current on an electrohydrodynamic device. The efficiency of biological wastewater treatment is analyzed when the DC voltage changes, the sign of polarization of the electrode, as well as the values of the Camp criterion. It is shown that the electrotreatment of activated sludge leads to an increase in the efficiency of biological wastewater treatment, determined by the indicator of chemical oxygen consumption. A relationship has been established between the intensity of sludge treatment and the magnitude of the zeta potential of activated sludge at the outlet of the aeration tank.

Keywords: wastewater, biological treatment, activated sludge, electrohydrodynamic device, zeta potential, chemical oxygen consumption

Within the framework of the urban environment, the laws of distribution of the concentration of fine dust PM2.5, PM10 along road sections have been obtained. These data are necessary to assess the probability of exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations and to improve monitoring and control systems for atmospheric air. The analysis of the key factors influencing the content of PM2.5 and PM10 particles in the air of the territories adjacent to the roads has been carried out. Regression equations for total dust, PM2.5 and PM10 dust were obtained, allowing us to conclude that the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 depends on total dust. The analysis showed that the mass content of PM10 in total dust pollution ranges from 73 to 81%, and the concentration of fine dust PM2.5 varies within two narrow ranges of about 11.6 and about 7 microns. A study of the proportion of PM2.5 of the total concentration showed that it is on average about 20%.

Keywords: dust, emissions, concentration, atmospheric air, roadway, climate, linear city, correlation coefficient, influencing factors

The production of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is associated with significant dust emissions into the production room, so the aspiration system plays an important role in the technological process. The study of dust in industrial product waste released into the work area is one of the objectives of the ongoing research. This work provides information on the dispersed composition of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles, and various graphs are constructed based on the data obtained. Data on the deposition rate of UHMWPE particles were obtained experimentally. A comparative analysis of the obtained data with theoretical data obtained using formulas was carried out.

Keywords: ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, UHMWPE, dispersed composition of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, sedimentation rate of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene particles, method for studying the properties of raw high molecular weight

The transport strategy of the Russian Federation, taking into account the specific features of the country's transport system, requires the use of transport modeling when solving problems of carbon neutrality. The transport model solves multifaceted problems, including the forecast and assessment of greenhouse gas emissions. The main principles of developing transport models are considered. A comparison is made of the NIIAT and EEA/COPERT methods most often used in calculating greenhouse gas emissions using transport models. The main requirements for the results of calculations using a mathematical model of transport flows are formulated.

Keywords: carbon neutrality, transport modeling, carbon neutrality, greenhouse gases, specific emissions, calculation scenario

Phosphogypsum is a large-scale solid waste from the production of phosphoric acid by the extraction method. The volume of accumulated waste in the world amounts to hundreds of millions of tons, and their disposal is becoming increasingly important. The article provides a brief overview of recent research on the use of phosphogypsum as a component of building materials. A list of the main factors of the negative impact of phosphogypsum waste on the environment is given, as well as the main impurities in its composition that reduce the quality of the resulting materials and methods for eliminating these impurities. It is shown that of the many products that can be obtained using phosphogypsum, the most widespread are construction and road materials, in which it is proposed to be used as a replacement for natural gypsum and sand.

Keywords: phosphogypsum, environment, building materials, road coverings, modifying additives

The article presents a comparative characteristic of the cities of Izhevsk and Khabarovsk according to different criteria, an assessment of atmospheric air quality according to the atmospheric pollution index (ISA) and its dynamics, and an improved atmospheric dispersion index (UMP) is calculated. According to most indicators, the cities are very similar and comparable, with the exception of emissions from stationary sources, which are 3-4 times higher in Khabarovsk. The UMP of the city of Izhevsk corresponds to a zone with favorable conditions for the dispersion of impurities, however, the indicators are close to the boundary of this criterion (UMP ≥ 3.5), in the city of Khabarovsk favorable conditions for the dispersion of impurities. This explains why, with emissions many times higher, the emissions in both cities are at comparable levels.

Keywords: atmospheric Pollution Index (ISA), improved atmospheric dispersion index (UMP), pollution, atmosphere, sustainable development

The design and construction of industrial buildings in coastal areas requires careful consideration of functional processes, logistics efficiency and environmental dynamics. The article examines the relationship between operational requirements and spatial planning strategies, emphasizes the need for individual solutions to solve unique problems that arise in coastal zones. By combining workflow optimization, logistical considerations and safety measures, industrial enterprises can increase productivity, ensure sustainability and reduce risks in difficult environments, emphasizing the importance of integrated planning and strategic positioning for sustainable development.

Keywords: industrial buildings, coastal territories, design conditions on coastal territories, sustainable architecture, energy conservation, energy efficiency, environmental friendliness, green architecture, eco-friendly design, functional processes

Ferrous metallurgy enterprises annually emit into the atmosphere a significant amount of highly dispersed dust with a particle size of 10 microns or less. The article presents the results of a study performed to determine the dispersed composition of aerosols in dust and gas air flows coming from emission sources to unorganized sources of emissions into the atmosphere. Based on the results of microscopic analysis with determination of the fractional composition of the dust, integral dependences of the density of distribution over equivalent sizes (diameters) D for the ingredients accepted for the study were obtained. This made it possible to determine the average median values of the equivalent sizes of dust particles of harmful substances. An assessment of the power of dust emissions from unorganized sources of steelmaking enterprises into the atmosphere of cities has been carried out. In order to improve the environmental safety of the steelmaking shop, it was concluded that it is advisable to reconstruct existing aspiration systems using highly efficient wet dust collectors.

Keywords: metallurgy, aerosol, dust, ingredient, particle, dust collector, electric steelmaking shop, dispersion analysis, distribution density ,average median diameter, dh 50

When operating gas distribution systems, the process of releasing various gases into the atmosphere is inevitable, negatively affecting the environment and creating a greenhouse effect. These gases can be either products of combustion of gaseous fuel or the result of natural gas leaks from gas pipelines and equipment. The main articles of gas leaks from gas pipelines and ways to minimize the negative impact on the environment are given.

Keywords: gas distribution system, greenhouse effect, gas combustion, methane, flanged and threaded connections, leaks, safety relief valve

The issues of atmospheric pollution, including noise pollution, are considered. The dependences of the concentration of carbon monoxide at distances from the roadway at different directions and speeds of the wind flow obtained according to MRR-2017 are presented. The influence of motor transport on the condition of the air basin and the health of the urban population is considered. The levels of noise pollution in the main-line territories of Volgograd, as well as the main pollutants in the atmospheric air of the main-line territories, are considered. The dispersion of CO concentration at different wind speeds at different angles of wind direction to the road and traffic noise levels depending on the days of the week, time of day, and traffic flow intensity are considered.

Keywords: wind flow direction and speed, roadway, atmospheric air, mainline territories, traffic noise levels, carbon monoxide concentration, vehicle fleet, cargo flow

In residential and public buildings, in-floor convectors are often used as heating devices. This study examines the operation of convectors in a swimming pool room. The results of numerical modeling of room microclimate parameters taking into account calculated heat loads and moisture emissions are presented. A comparative analysis of the operation of various heating and ventilation systems for a public swimming pool was carried out. The results of the study were obtained in the form of temperature distribution fields, movement speeds and relative air humidity. A conclusion is drawn about the effectiveness of using in-floor convectors in indoor public swimming pools.

Keywords: heating system, in-floor convector, moisture content, excess heat, excess moisture, air exchange, numerical modeling, room microclimate, SolidWorks, STAR-CCM+

Water saturation of soils in the area of foundations is accompanied by a deterioration in their bearing capacity and is often detected only with the appearance of the first signs of deformation. Effective monitoring of soil conditions helps reduce escalating damage. For this purpose, a variant of dynamic penetration was developed and applied, which made it possible to establish a fivefold reduction in the resistance of soils to indenter penetration in the water-saturated zone in comparison with their natural state. The approach provides rapid mapping of the state of the soil mass in areas of expected soaking, for example, in the area of backfilling of foundations. The results are applicable for monitoring soil soaking in technogenic conditions and are of interest to a wide range of specialists in the field of construction.

Keywords: flooding, dynamic penetration, monitoring, mapping, water-saturated soil

The article considers the requirements of regulatory documents to ensure fire safety during construction and operation of gas distribution pipelines in Russia and China. The different approach to fire risk reduction in the two countries is revealed: more specific and stringent requirements in China and general requirements related to fire hazardous facilities in Russia.

Keywords: fire risks, fire regulations, natural gas combustion, causes of natural gas fires, natural gas transportation, fire safety

The operational wear and service life of power equipment is closely related to the efficiency of the feedwater treatment plant. Insufficient degree of purification leads to serious violations not only of the operating mode of the equipment, but also contributes to an increase in the rate of corrosion processes. The paper considers a water treatment plant based on membrane technologies with the inclusion of membrane filtration and a reverse osmosis unit in a circulating mode. During the experimental period, water samples were taken at each stage of purification and the main indicators that affect operational wear were determined. Based on the results obtained, conclusions were made, as well as recommendations on the operation of the water treatment plant in a circulating mode.

Keywords: water treatment plant, membrane processes, operational wear of equipment, quality indicators of process waters

Enterprises of the fuel and energy sector, in search of new environmentally safe and economically feasible processes, are introducing membrane technologies into the water treatment system. The main advantages of these methods are: technological simplicity of design, minimal use of chemical reagents, absence of phase transitions and neutrality of wastewater. But despite the rather significant advantages, the use of these processes for a long time can be aggravated by seasonal changes in the quality of natural water in the water source. In this paper, an analysis of the reverse osmosis plant was carried out based on the results of laboratory experiments on water quality indicators at the inlet to the plant and permeate. The average results for each indicator for the entire time of the experiment are also presented.

Keywords: reverse osmosis plant, permeate, seasonal changes in the quality of natural water, thermal power plants

Results of field tests of mobile dust meters of the AirExpert series based on optical sensors (OPC-R1 / OPC-N3) at the stationary air monitoring station "Shabolovka" State Environmental Budgetary Institution (GPBU) "Mosekomonitoring", Moscow, equipped with a dust analyzer (TEOM) series 1405 , showed that the measurement accuracy meets the requirements for instruments for measuring the quality of atmospheric air in populated areas. Mapping of atmospheric air pollution in certain areas of the cities of Obninsk, Dubna, St. Petersburg, Kursk, Moscow, Volgograd (2019-2024) was carried out, which made it possible to quickly assess the environmental situation in the study area in real time, thereby detailing the data from stationary monitoring posts.

Keywords: mobile dust meters, monitoring, reference device, measurement accuracy, pollution mapping, hyperlocal monitoring

The article discusses the use of a recurrent neural network in the problem of forecasting pollutants in the air based on actual data in the form of a time series. A description of the network architecture, the training method used, and the method for generating training and testing data is provided. During training, a data set consisting of 126 measurements of various components was used. As a result, the quality of the conclusions of the resulting model was assessed and the averaged coefficients of the MSE metric were calculated.

Keywords: air pollution, forecasting, neural networks, machine learning, recurrent network, time series analysis

The capture and disposal of harmful emissions is an urgent task of our time. This article describes various methods of improving the environmental friendliness of industrial enterprises by cleaning flue gases. The most promising purification technology is adsorption. Therefore, the paper presents laboratory studies of the testing of some adsorption materials for the efficiency of carbon dioxide capture. The key formulas of sorption purification methods are displayed, and the results are presented. Based on experimental studies, an adsorption material was selected that has a potentially high absorption efficiency after activation and refinement of a composition that can be regenerated.

Keywords: flue gases, adsorption, absorption, carbon dioxide, greenhouse effect, sorption materials, absorption efficiency

Industrial enterprises place high demands on the quality of demineralized water, the economic feasibility of this process, as well as its environmental friendliness. The water treatment plant begins with pre-treatment, which allows the removal of dissolved suspensions, mechanical impurities and organic substances. Most often, the pre-cleaning process is organized using clarifiers. The type of clarifier used significantly affects both the efficiency of the process and its economic characteristics. The paper presents a comparative characteristic of the operation of vertical cylindrical clarifiers of the Central Research Institute, VTI and high-speed clarifiers with a pulsating column. The main operational characteristics are highlighted, and the cost of clarified water is calculated when using different types of clarifiers.

Keywords: clarifier, pre-cleaning, cleaning quality indicators, thermal power plants