This work is devoted to the development of a control system for the technological process of extruding a polymer coating of pipes. In the process of work, the existing system for regulating the temperature of the polyethylene extruder zones was analyzed, and the scientific and technical literature was analyzed. The description of the technological process of extruding the outer polymer coating of a steel pipe is given, the selection of automation equipment is carried out. The main difference between a proportional controller over a proportional-integral-derivative controller was described, the optimal tuning coefficients of the PID controller were also determined using experimental methods, graphical transients were given, and the most appropriate method for controlling the temperature of the zones of worm machines was selected, due to which increasing the homogeneity and uniformity of the protective polymer layer.

Keywords: pipe polymer coating extrusion, PID controller, polyethylene, adhesive

This article describes training a neural network to recognize the digits of a freight container number. Due to the lack of a dataset containing a cargo container, training was performed on the Street View House Numbers dataset. Before training the model, the dataset was analyzed and histograms were built that reflect general information about the dataset. The neural network was trained in the Python programming language using the Tensorflow library. The obtained results of assessing the accuracy of the model operation allowed us to conclude that it is possible to use a data set and a neural network to solve the problem of recognizing the numbers of a freight container.

Keywords: machine learning, digit recognition, cargo container, neural network, image classification

The work is devoted to ensuring the completeness of mixing of gas coolants into a direct-acting heat exchanger by optimizing the geometry of the mixing chamber, in particular the addition of a funnel. Four funnel configurations in the range of 45°-180° are considered. The problem is solved in a stationary formulation by numerical simulation in the OpenFOAM environment. A 14-fold increase in the uniformity of mixing is shown when using a 45° funnel compared to a cylindrical mixing chamber.

Keywords: heat exchanger, mixing heat exchanger, efficiency improvement, outgoing flue gas, numerical modeling, heat recovery

This paper gives an overview of the main safety problems of modern APCSs and formulates the challenges to overcome them. The aim of the work was to review the safety of modern APCSs. Emergencies associated with consistent erroneous actions of operating personnel must prevent control systems. Until the early 2000s, APCSs were considered to be the safest systems, due to their operation according to a rigid and verified algorithm, the human factor could not affect them. To enable remote control and monitoring, an internet connection became necessary. Due to an increase in the number of cyber-attacks on automated process control systems, an unprotected Internet connection had become insecure, and a new opportunity to influence the system from the outside had appeared. The security and reliability of modern process control systems has become even more important.

Keywords: automated process control system, safety, vulnerability

The article is devoted to the development of training systems for training specialists in automation and informatization. The structure and mathematical model of a training system (TS) were developed to control skills in training these specialists (in particular, in the basics of programming). The parameters of the mathematical model are based on the representation of knowledge about the studied objects and processes in the field of development of automated information systems, which allows using TS to automatically generate and evaluate small practical tasks for students. A prototype of TS software in the form of a web application has been developed. In a practical aspect, the use of TS in the educational process in the disciplines in the field of programming will reduce the proportion of labor-intensive work of the teacher in compiling and checking assignments.

Keywords: information technologies in education, training system, control of knowledge and skills, high-level programming languages

This paper describes the results of modeling thermal processes and air flows occurring in a universal power source (UPS) with a digital control system for output parameters under given operating conditions. The UIP is intended for scientific research in the field of electrochemical copper deposition in order to form through and via holes in printed circuit boards, three-dimensional microassemblies, metallization of epoxy resins, and organic materials. The article discusses the features of the development of a universal power source, presents the key results of the design and study of the thermodynamic characteristics of a prototype sample.

Keywords: universal power supply, microcontroller, computer aided design, printed circuit board, efficiency factor, computational fluid dynamics, mechanical computer aided design, electrical computer aided design, design rule checking, finite element method

The article is devoted to the use of renewable energy sources, namely geothermal energy for home heating. Methods of installation, advantages and disadvantages of geothermal heating are investigated. A comparative analysis of the cost of 1 MJ of heat received from various energy sources was carried out, and the efficiency of using heat pumps for heating buildings was proved. It was noted that in connection with the global problem of greenhouse gas emissions, this decision is relevant and paramount for achieving hydrocarbon neutrality. The introduction of geothermal heating methods can be a huge step towards green energy.

Keywords: system, temperature, geothermal heating, heat pump, compressor, evaporator, condenser, carbon footprint, ecology, green energy

The paper presents a study of the problems of organizing the process of designing technical means that are involved in the technological process of production by enterprises. Under the technical means it is proposed to understand both software, hardware, and software and hardware solutions. The main problem is identified - the discrepancy between the functionality of technical means and the technological process. In this regard, a study is being made of the processes of linking the technological process of output of enterprises with the processes of designing and developing technical means. From the results of the study, it was determined that the models of the functional of technical means are constructed by developers, and not by actors. Such models are formally presented not as a description of the procedures for performing the functions of a technological process by actors, but as a model of how the functions of future technical means will be used by actors. The necessity is substantiated and a hypothesis is put forward about the possibility of solving the indicated problem.

Keywords: technological process, actor, developer, functions of the technological process, procedures for performing functions, a model for the formation of a need for a technical means, a model for the use of technical means

The article solves the problem of determining the influence of the use of gas swirlers with various options for combining the direction of the channels on the velocity and temperature of the plasma flow. A comparative analysis of the use of gas swirlers with channels that are directed in one direction and in the opposite direction is carried out. The problem was solved by conducting a computer experiment by the finite element method using the SolidWorks software package. The results of the calculation experiment were verified by conducting a full-scale experiment using an experimental plasma installation, which is used to obtain powder, apply coatings and modify product surfaces, taking into account its design features. Recommendations for the conduct of these processes are proposed. The results are of practical use for developers and consumers of process equipment. In the case of using gas swirlers in which the channels are directed in one direction, the temperature and velocity of the plasma flow are higher than in the case in which the channels are directed in opposite directions. For the coating process, it is recommended to use the option of orienting the channels of gas swirlers in one direction, since the highest values of the velocity and temperature of the plasma flow are achieved, which favorably affect the properties of the applied coatings. For the production process of powders, it is recommended to use the option of orienting the channels of gas swirlers directed in opposite directions, since a lower plasma flow velocity is important for this process, which has a positive effect on reducing the dimensions of the installation and spheroidization of powder particles. For the surface modification process, the results of the study can be used to determine the rational position of the treated surface.

Keywords: mathematical model, plasma flow, temperature, speed, gas swirler, plasma method, powder production, coating, surface modification

The purpose of the study was to find methods to reduce the construction time of special purpose structures. The analysis of the factors influencing the terms of construction of nuclear power plants is carried out. Using the example of calculating the parameters of the ventilation pipe installation of a really erected nuclear power plant, the advantages of replacing the traditionally used for the construction of these structures with the method of "falling arrows" are noted.

Keywords: falling boom, set of machines, installation of structures, scope of work, traction mechanisms, continuity of work, cost, construction period, commissioning period, work cycle

The method of automated diagnostics and control of the technical condition of the electric drive of mining machines, which consists in monitoring the current with subsequent spectral analysis of the received signal, is considered. It allows using the ATmega16 microcontroller to determine with sufficient accuracy the current technical state of the electric drive elements. The aim of the work is to prove the possibility and justify the effectiveness of the use of microprocessor technology in the mining industry to automate the diagnosis of machinery units. The adequacy of the developed methodology for determining the identification frequencies is confirmed by experimental data in the low-frequency region of the spectrum. The conclusion of this article is that a comparative analysis of the calculated and experimentally obtained amplitude-frequency characteristics of individual components of the drive motor and elements of the transmission of the executing body of the KP21 tunnelling machine has confirmed their adequacy.

Keywords: electric drive of a tunneling machine, automated diagnostics and control, current monitoring, spectral analysis, increased reliability of tunneling equipment

The article deals with the imported used in the educational process controllers replacement problem. There was a need to replace imported products with domestic ones due to the withdrawal of leading import manufacturers from the Russian market, so it seems reasonable to exclude imported equipment from the educational programs of universities. The course "Digital Automation and Control Systems" is based on the study of various industrial controllers. The first place among industrial controllers in SUAI is occupied by Siemens products, which officially left the Russian market. The question of searching for similar controllers of domestic production arose, at the same time, the manufacturer should not depend on the supply of imported components. Controller PR200 by OWEN was chosen as such a manufacturer. The article compares PR200 by OWEN with LOGO! by Siemens and comes to the conclusion about the interchangeability of these controllers in the educational process. The peculiarities, advantages and disadvantages of the development environments of both manufacturers are considered in the article. It also tells about the experience of using the stand based on PR200 in the educational process, therefore, the possibility of a complete replacement of LOGO! has been proved.

Keywords: programmable logic controller, programmable relay, functional block diagrams, specialist training, substitution of imported products, development environment

Due to the intensive development of digital technologies, significant progress is be-ing observe in the creation of automated systems and technologies. One of the most pressing problems at the present stage of industrial development is the presence of cases of oil spills caused because of technological accidents and accidents. With advanced achievements in the field of digital technologies, it seems possible to au-tomate the process of identifying oil spills. The main purpose of the current article is to analyze the possibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles to perform automatic identification of oil spills. The author investigates this issue, and presents an option to increase the use of these systems based on the development of a special image-processing algorithm based on exponential accumulation and the variance method. The results of the work confirm the hypothesis of the effective use of unmanned aerial vehicles for automatic identification of oil spills.

Keywords: automation, unmanned aerial vehicle, oil spill, identification, image processing

The service life of shut-off valves operated at sites of hazardous production facilities with ultra-high parameters of the working environment is largely limited by the wear resistance of contact surfaces. In this regard, to increase the durability of contact surfaces, technological methods are used to modify the surface and special functional coatings are used. The development and selection of new functional coatings are inextricably linked with their comparative study based on the determination of the most significant characteristics through testing. The purpose of this work is an analytical review of the most common test methods for evaluating the characteristics of multicomponent nanocomposite coatings applied to the contact surfaces of valves to increase their wear resistance. Based on the results of the analytical review, recommendations are given for testing multicomponent nanocomposite coatings.

Keywords: pipeline fittings, functional coatings, test methods, service life, wear, friction, hardness, corrosion, tribology

Lighting design using computer–aided design systems is an urgent and in-demand necessity that is being actively improved. The possibilities of importing and exporting 3D- models of objects into circuit modeling programs are considered, and the supported formats of 3D models of objects in three-dimensional modeling programs are compared. The main formats of photometric data files used in each of the programs for working with lighting projects are listed, examples of correct and incorrect import of three-dimensional models of objects for further work on creating lighting projects are given. The ways of solving the problems of importing and exporting object models, taking into account the textures scaled on the model itself, are proposed. The programs are considered with the allocation of opportunities and features of work in each of them. Various additions to the programs aimed at working with textures for three-dimensional objects are presented.

Keywords: automation of lighting modeling, import, export, 3D object model, texture, program, data format, lighting design

The purpose of this work is to implement a system for predicting electricity consumption in food production and to select the most appropriate method for training the forecasting model. In this work, a system was implemented for predicting electricity consumption based on streaming data, which receives them in "real time". The system is implemented on the principle of microservice architecture, where the following were implemented: a service for collecting data from meters, a service for data aggregation and forecasting services. Two forecasting services were implemented: using the classical learning approach based on the ARIMA model and the online learning approach using the HATR online model, the results of which were compared using tests for predicting anomalous values and forecasting under conditions of a change in the data concept, or drift concepts.

Keywords: machine learning, online learning, online model, concept drift, data drift

The concept of a fibrous material (hereinafter referred to as FM) as a soft structure formed by fiber elements surrounded by air and areas of fiber interaction on touch surfaces is proposed and substantiated. The fiber elements are in a deformed state. The deformation of the fibers is reversible, elastic-elastic. In the areas of interaction between the fibers, the forces of adhesion and dry friction act. The deformation of the fibers leads to the preservation of residual internal energy in the material. At low loads, the FM can change its state reversibly. At high loads, the structure of the interaction sites irreversibly changes. The processes of aging and degradation of FM are gradual irrevocable transitions from one group of states to others. The dynamics of these processes is statistical in nature. Therefore, a Markov model of state change has been developed in the form of several subsets of irrevocable subsets and one ergodic subset of states. At the qualitative level, the possibility of using the proposed model to describe the dynamics of FM aging processes and estimate the duration of this process, taking into account its probabilistic and statistical nature, is shown.

Keywords: fibrous material, aging, soft structure, elasto-elastic deformation, irreversible process, markov model, statistical dynamics

To solve the problem with a large time delay in combined control systems, it is proposed to introduce an additional control circuit for the speed of paper pulp intake. The introduced circuit will function alternately with the current pressure control circuit inside the pressure device.

Keywords: Paper-making machine, pressure device, paper mass intake, paper web weight, computer modeling, regulator.

The paper considers the types and classification of industrial PID controllers according to various types and groups. A group of linear controllers has been identified, which includes PID controllers, which are most widely used in various technical devices. Some well-known software systems that provide calculations for PID controllers are given. The transition from the mathematical notation of the trapezoidal expansion of the transfer function of the PID controller, used in the PID Tune option of the Matlab environment, to the equivalent transfer function, represented by the symbolic coefficients of the numerator and denominator polynomials, is shown. A theorem is proved that shows a one-to-one correspondence between the parameters P, I, D of the controller and the coefficients of the resulting transfer function. Flowcharts of algorithms for calculating transfer function coefficients (TF) from known values of controller parameters and calculating transfer function coefficients from known values of controller parameters are given. An illustrative example is considered.

Keywords: PID controller, transfer function, block diagram of the algorithm, Matlab environment

Issues of high-quality and reliable water supply are closely related to automation and management of engineering systems for stormwater and wastewater treatment. Options for managing continuous technological processes formulate different goals. Different control algorithms correspond to different variants, and, consequently, different methods of algorithmic support systems and control system structures. The expediency of dividing the general task of sorption purification control into several subtasks of a smaller dimension is shown where the control system acquires a hierarchical structure: at the lower level, the task of separate adsorption tanks controlling is solved, at the upper level, the task of controlling the entire purification plant as a whole. The criterion of operational management is provided. The scheme of adaptive control of continuous sorption purification systems is given.

Keywords: stormwater and wastewater, automation and control, continuous operation systems, sorption purification, control algorithms, mathematical model, optimality criterion, autonomous and dispatcher modes, hierarchical control system

The article reveals the problem, that arises as a result of generalized training of specialists according to the International Electrotechnical Commission standard 61131-3. The standard regulates the languages in which software is developed for programmable logic controllers. Training according to the standard allows a specialist to work with any controllers developed by any manufacturers, the downside of which is an insufficiently in-depth studying of the additional potentials of controllers, that are typical for the models of the particular manufacturer. Further, we consider a number of specific special functions of the FBD language using the example of programmable relays LOGO! by Siemens, which are not typical for the other devices, that work in this language, then we observe the examples of using these functions in various technological processes. Also, we get to know the abilities to transfer the parameters betweenparts of the program by using so-called link and the features of the implementationof pulse-width modulation in LOGO! controllers.And finally,we comprehend methods of working with analog signals including analog calculations and the option of non-standard using of the minimum/maximum search function as a storage element.A lot of developers ignore similar functions, because they are not covered in the training courses. Using of special functions simplifies the development of programs and provides additional capabilities for the programmer.Therefore, the necessity of a deeper studying of the capabilities of a certain controller seems to be apparent.

Keywords: programmable logic controllers, functional block diagrams, specialist training, analog signal processing, rarely used functions

The article presents the experience of automating the process of secondary sludge preparation in autoclave aerated concrete technology. It is proposed to use a non-cut non-isotope density meter of domestic production as a recording sensor. The algorithm of the system operation and the scheme of the technological process fragment are presented.

Keywords: automation, control system, production process, autoclave aerated concrete, secondary sludge, algorithm, density meter, quality of the finished product, sludge pool, density

Liquid pumping processes which require flow variations over a wide range are often equipped with centrifugal pumps connected in parallel. In such pumping systems, speed control enables the required capacity to be achieved with different numbers of pump units running and the selected speed values. The information required for modeling such systems, such as wastewater treatment and various cooling and water supply tasks, can be scarce, and the lack of real-time monitoring of operating points often sets limitations for precise optimization of energy efficiency. Consequently, easily implementable control strategies that can be adopted with minimal system data are needed, requiring adaptive methods. A significant part of pumping stations operate in conditions when the flow rate and the required pressure vary widely, which can lead to a decrease in the efficiency of their management and, as a consequence, a decrease in energy efficiency. Therefore, it should be noted that the task of choosing the optimal strategy for controlling pumping units during their parallel operation is very relevant.

Keywords: pumping units, energy efficiency, modeling, rotation speed, speed control

The article presents the results of the development of research in the field of automated training of operators of technological processes (on the example of loading and unloading machines) on computer training complexes (CTC). A feature of the developed CTCs is an intelligent automated system (AS) for monitoring the formation of sensorimotor skills, based on mathematical models and algorithms for representing knowledge about the technological process, automated design of training courses for professional training of operators in a virtual production environment, and automatic assessment of the formation of skills. The use of CTC for training operators of loading and unloading machines based on an intelligent AS helps to improve the quality of the formation of professional skills for the effective and safe implementation of technological processes in various fields (for example, river and sea ports, construction, mining) based on the results of training courses.

Keywords: loading and unloading machines, technological process, computer training complex, professional skills, sensorimotor skills, intelligent automated systems

The tasks of preparing for the modernization of the automatic pressure control system with the transition from the use of a PD controller in favor of a PID controller and the introduction of a controlled electric fan drive in a boiler plant are being solved. A technique for constructing a fan model in the automatic control system for air supply to the boiler is given using the example of a VD-18 blower fan and a BKZ-160 boiler. The block diagram of the operation of the fan and pipeline is given. A mathematical model of the fan is shown, a calculation is made and a computer model is designed in MATLAB Simulink. The simulation results are presented, which prove the correctness of the obtained model. The presented model can serve as a basis for automating the air supply system in other boilers using blowers.

Keywords: automatic pressure control system, automatic control system, dynamic model, computer model, blower fan, boiler plant