The article discusses issues of improving the quality and safety of pedestrian and vehicle traffic in underground linear structures. The main parameters of traffic safety in tunnel-type transport structures are considered. The scope of application of luminescent and retroreflective materials in the construction and operation of concrete and asphalt concrete pavements has been determined. Recommendations are given for the use of special luminous materials in construction practice.

Keywords: concrete, asphalt concrete, reflective coatings, luminescent materials, traffic safety

In this article the existing principles of application of the illusion technique in architecture are considered. The classification of objects by purpose is presented, the key features of classification groups are highlighted. Examples of already existing constructed buildings with different typology are given and analyzed. The target direction of the article is based on the creation of the concept of volume (building) with the use of optical illusions to form a complex solution to clarify the overall concept of the object and achieve the effect of paradox in the viewer. The article also describes in detail the art-architectural and constructive solutions of the proposed concept with the definition of the exact location of the building in relation to the view and approach to it.

Keywords: Illusion, architectural volume, complex solution, paradox, dematerialization, visual perception, structural element, mirrored surface, hovering effect, tilt angle, master plan organization

The article discusses the features and prospects of implementing distributed management of critical urban infrastructure facilities based on the principles of autonomy. Based on the analysis, the main technologies, directions of development and features of energy transfer in an urban environment are highlighted, contributing to the introduction of distributed management of urban infrastructure facilities. The study focuses on the analysis of the distributed structure of integrated security of critical urban infrastructure facilities and the development of general principles of distributed management of critical infrastructure facilities using the «Autonomous Building» technology. t is shown that the reliable and safe functioning of critical infrastructure facilities in the city is ensured through the synthesis of special technical systems for complex protection of the facility from major security threats based on the combined use of elements of life support and safety systems. At the same time, technical life support systems for autonomous objects of critical infrastructure of the city are built on the basis of the combined use of autonomous energy sources, including non-renewable energy sources, on the principles of joint operation of electric and static power converters, storage, frequency regulation and energy conversion, and technical safety systems of autonomous objects are built using combined optical and electronic means event detection and recognition with the ability to control the full spectrum of electromagnetic radiation.

Keywords: distributed management, technology, energy, energy transfer, urban infrastructure, critical facility, electrification, decentralization, automation, autonomy

To develop a methodology for assessing the strength of ring flanges, research was conducted on the load-bearing capacity of welded pipe joints of varying diameters. The study employed the component finite element method (CFEM) implemented in the IDEAStatiCa Connection software. To verify the obtained results, a numerical experiment was carried out using the ANSYS software package. The investigation considered several types of flange joints made from welded pipes with different diameters. Parameters were selected based on common sections used according to russian Series 3.400-8 (Issue 2). The study found that for all cases, the highest stresses occurred on the flange at the joint with the smaller diameter pipe. The analysis indicated that the CFEM's applicability should be limited to diameter-to-wall-thickness ratios (D1/t1) of up to 40. Beyond this threshold, the CFEM does not accurately predict the strength of the joints due to the significant deformation that occurs in the pipe walls, forming a truncated cone shape at the flange junctions. For practical applications, formulas are proposed to check the strength of ring flanges. These formulas account for the weakening of the plates by bolt holes and provide conservative results. The findings highlight the necessity for additional numerical and physical experiments to refine the methodology for cases with D1/t1 ratios exceeding 75. The proposed approach offers a practical solution for evaluating the strength of ring flanges in welded pipe joints of varying diameters, contributing to the development of relevant engineering standards.

Keywords: load-bearing capacity, ring flanges, welded pipes, assembly joints, strength, component method, numerical experiment

Framed fabric roof structures of the sawtooth-type are considered. The structures are arranged on rectangular plan. They consist of a number of sectors which are separated by arch-shaped supporting ribs. The sectors are covered with a prestressed soft shell. Geometric nonlinear static analysis of the shell is performed taking into account the effect of snow and wind loads. The general dimensions of the shell and the prestress value are considered as the primary variables. Quantitative assessment of deformation of the shell is carried out by means of so-called deformability index. The index is reciprocal to the relative deflection. A functional expression for approximating the deformability index is proposed. The expression is to be used at the stage of developing the design solutions for fabric structures. The coefficients of the function are found by means of the least squares method. The guidance for assigning the main parameters of the sawtooth-type fabric structures are given.

Keywords: fabric structure, roof structure, soft shell, sawtooth roof, geometric parameters, prestress, deformability, approximation

This research presents the methods and conclusions obtained from modeling a composite wall panel with a wooden frame and polystyrene concrete core in the Lira-SAPR program, used in the construction of low-rise buildings for residential and commercial purposes. The findings were compared with the results of panel tests at the research laboratory of the Pacific State University (hereinafter TOGU).

Keywords: linear calculation, panel construction, low-rise construction, LIRA-SAPR, modeling

The public education project ""Dream School"", implemented in support of the federal school overhaul program, attracts students of architectural and design schools in the regions, which will allow them to simultaneously acquire applied competencies in the learning process. During the development of the design project, the need for specialists to conduct a preliminary design analysis was revealed, since one of the five schools did not meet the standards in terms of their spatial planning parameters. It is proposed to carry out the reconstruction of this educational institution. The premises of the dining room and the assembly hall are transferred to the annex block.

Keywords: school design project, school renovation, school recreation, public education project "Dream School", school reconstruction

Indentation is a universal and practical method for obtaining material characteristics, especially when it is impossible or difficult to expose the material to other measuring methods. Experimental data on the mechanical properties of various types of materials were obtained using the shock loading unit. A mathematical model based on the finite element method was used to verify the experimental results. The article considers the solution of the problem of classification of neural metals with different mechanical properties. As part of the work, an artificial neural network has been created that allows the distribution of materials into selected groups. It is determined that a significant advantage of using neural networks is the ability to process experimental data and identify complex nonlinear dependencies, which makes them in demand in tasks related to the study of material properties.

Keywords: impact indentation, neural network, task of classification, artificial intelligence, dynamic indentation, non-destructive testing.

In the paper, parametric equations of right conoidal surfaces with an orthogonal coordinate system with different guiding curves are obtained for the first time. Parametric equations for conoids with guide curves sine, cosine and parabola are presented. In the MathCad system, the constructions of right conoids with selected guide curves with various initial geometric parameters are visually performed and presented in the paper for the possibility of expanding their use in architectural design, construction and other industries.

Keywords: conoid, orthogonal coordinate system, sine, cosine, parabola, parametric equation, MathCad system

The article discusses the design features of wooden buildings constructed from cross laminated timber panels (CLT). CLTis a new material widely used in wooden house construction. The panels are used for the construction of multi-storey buildings and replace traditional frame and cobblestone wooden houses. The article analyzes the advantages of using CLT in modern construction, discusses various types of joints, such as butt joints, corner joints, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Special attention is paid to panel mounting methods that ensure the reliability and durability of the structure.

Keywords: wooden structure, wood, cross-laminated timber, CLT panel, nodal connection, connection system

The article presents calculations of energy costs when carrying out major renovations of a building. Based on the obtained values, the structure of fuel and energy resources expenditures by subgroups of repair and construction work was formed. The presented research results are based on the calculation and comparison of the obtained energy consumption values ​​in proportional units - kilograms of standard fuel. As a result of the study, the highest energy consumption was established, which is accounted for by the consumption of liquid fuel in comparison with electricity, which is due to the specifics of the machines and mechanisms used (truck crane, truck, etc.), as well as the chosen technology of repair and construction work. In order to account for and minimize energy costs during the period of major repairs, it is also proposed to monitor the consumption of fuel and energy resources.

Keywords: diversification of management, production diversification, financial and economic purposes of a diversification, technological purposes of ensuring flexibility of production

The article provides an analysis of the state of the rationing issue in terms of performing the calculation justification and design of reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures using external reinforcement systems based on carbon fibers. The normative documents of the Russian Federation and foreign ones are considered, the analysis of the use of external reinforcement based on composite materials for structures of various types of work is carried out, the disadvantages of existing calculation and design methods are highlighted. In conclusion, recommendations are given on the appropriate improvement of calculation and design methods.

Keywords: external reinforcement, carbon fiber, reinforcement, restoration

Paper presents an algorithm for analyzing and controlling data and project quality in construction using building information modeling and extensible markup language. The authors, argue that project quality stems from data quality and information quality. The proposed algorithm integrates BIM with extensible markup language, converting data quality and project quality criteria from employer information requirements into an extensible markup language scheme to ensure compliance with established standards. Key criteria for data quality and project quality include classification, identity, hierarchy, information identity, coordination, level of development , association, redundancy, staging, and spatial orientation. The algorithm involves creating a test BIM model, to simulate employer information requirements violations, performing checks using a Model Checker, automation tool in Autodesk Revit, and ensuring all criteria are met. The process includes saving verification checks, combining them, and generating reports in comma separated values format for transparency and further analysis. The authors highlight the importance of applying the algorithm from the early stages of project discussions, involving all participants to ensure the accuracy of data quality and project quality schemes. This approach leverages both international and domestic standards for continuous monitoring and immediate decision-making support throughout the project lifecycle.

Keywords: extensible markup language, information technical requirements, employer information requirements, building information model, information quality, project quality, model checking

Bar structures are widespread in construction due to their economy, freedom of design shapes and sizes. As a result, automation of design and calculation of such structures is an urgent task. As part of the study, the task of developing a software module that generates a map of optimal cutting of rolled metal based on the results of calculations of rod structures has been implemented. The algorithm under consideration takes into account such features of the cutting optimization problem as taking into account the width of the blade, the possibility of using half the size of the rolled product, support for optimization of several sections, and welding of parts in case the length of the workpiece is exceeded. The software module is developed using JavaScript and C# languages. The ability to automatically generate cutting maps based on the results of optimization of rod structures increases the efficiency of designing building structures.

Keywords: Design in construction, bar structure, computing system, web development, design in construction, rod structure, computer system, web development, optimal cutting, rolled metal, cutting map

The article is devoted to the use of reinforced soils in the base of pavements of highways located in the I road-climatic zone. The features of the operating modes of reinforced foundation soils are considered, and their physical and mechanical characteristics with various combinations of mineral and polymer modifiers are determined. The authors analyze the advantages and disadvantages of using reinforced soils. The article also discusses the design and construction of roads using reinforced soils.

Keywords: highway, road pavement, foundation, soils, reinforced soils, modifiers

In accordance with the requirements of Federal Law No. 384-FZ, the safety and reliability of buildings and structures must be ensured. One of the ways to confirm the safety and reliability of building structures is to conduct field tests. The authors of this article have developed a method for full-scale testing of a reinforced concrete beam with a span of 14.52 m as part of a monolithic reinforced concrete ribbed floor. The procedure for testing the beam was drawn up with the development of measures to ensure safety during work, the adjustment of the beam testing method by loading was performed, the beam was tested by loading method with fixation of its deflections, followed by analysis of the test results. The test results showed that the developed method can be used as a full-scale test to confirm the safety and reliability of building structures, namely horizontal reinforced concrete structures.

Keywords: building structures, beam, destruction, safety, methodology, technical condition, field tests

Reinforced concrete structures must have sufficient reliability throughout their entire service life. In problems related to predicting service life based on an assessment of the technical condition, reliability can be considered as the probability of failure-free operation of structures, which consists in the ability to perform the required functions under given conditions during the design life. One of the methods for solving this kind of problem is statistical methods. The beam reliability calculation was carried out. It was further assumed that the beam was subject to degradation. As a result, a graph was constructed of the dependence of reliability on the depth of corrosion penetration into the compressed concrete zone. This graph also shows how the category of the technical condition of the beam changes over time.

Keywords: reinforced concrete structure, bendable structure, prediction, service life, reliability, technical condition, degradation impact

This article considers a new type of structures in the form of lightweight stainless steel floor slabs, gives an overview of application in construction practice, discusses the advantages and disadvantages. Based on the results of a series of structural analysis of several conditional models of buildings with different structural systems, the parameters of economic efficiency in the form of reduction of total metal intensity are determined. The area with increased efficiency of application of the considered plates in buildings is defined and the vector of necessary further research on the topic is outlined.

Keywords: B-Core slabs, multilayer floor slabs, stainless steel, metal cost reduction, efficient application area, structural building layouts

The article addresses the issue of determining the ultimate eccentric compressive longitudinal force from an external load acting on a compressed reinforced concrete element. The calculation assumptions are adopted in accordance with the current code of practice SP 63.13330.2018. The transformation of the initial formulas given in this code allowed the explicit solution of the cubic equation with respect to the compressive longitudinal force without the need for iterative calculation methods. The solution thus obtained can be employed in the design process to determine the optimal section dimensions.

Keywords: reinforced concrete, excentric compression,ultimate forces

The article discusses the use of organic binders to modify the properties of cement soils. The scope of application of cement soils in construction practice, including the construction of highways, is considered. The influence of the use of organic binders as a complex additive that modifies the strength characteristics of cement soils has been studied. The influence of the use of complex modifiers and additives on the frost resistance and water permeability of cement soils has been determined.

Keywords: cement soil, organic binder, highway, working layer, frost resistance, modifiers

The article deals with the peculiarities of the results of tests carried out to determine the characteristics of the contact zone organized by stamping on a steel plate. During the test, the specimen was in the steel mold in which it was manufactured. The steel form was used to prohibit horizontal movement of the steel thin plates and minimize the effect of uneven slippage of the steel gouge in the direction perpendicular to the shear force. The considered tests were carried out according to a specially developed methodology, which took into account the specifics of the contact zone shear operation, the applied tooling and took into account the set objectives of the study.

Keywords: contact zone, contact characteristics, test methodology, shear tests, stamping, composite design

The paper deals with the problem of choosing the most rational form of spatial metallic cross-barrel coating. Mathematical models of flat structural coating, elliptical paraboloid and hyperbolic paraboloid coatings in SCAD software package based on finite element method are analyzed. Nodal connections of rod elements of coatings are taken according to the system “Kislovodsk”. The obtained parameters of stress-strain state of three different structural coverings allow us to speak about practically identical operation of the structures.

Keywords: structural covering, spatial covering, cross-bar covering, stress-strain state, “Kislovodsk” system, SCAD program complex, finite element method, hyperbolic paraboloid, elliptic paraboloid

Mailyan D.R., Nesvetaev G.V., Kolleganov N.A.

Keywords: double-layer reinforced concrete beams, normal cross-sections, nonlinear deformation model, high-modulus concrete, neutral axis coordinate

When studying the problems of water filtration to a single horizontal imperfect drain of finite length, in a system of interacting horizontal imperfect drains, it is necessary to consider spatial (three-dimensional) filtration problems. Unlike flat (two-dimensional) problems, spatial filtering has been studied in less detail, since it is difficult to obtain rigorous solutions to their problems.

Keywords: water supply facilities, filtration, equipotentials, drainage, borehole, pressure reservoir, drain, pressure, inflow, reservoir, watercourse

This article discusses several ways to determine the calculated lengths of steel columns in the plane of the frame. By analyzing existing techniques, the most successful method of selecting the calculated lengths for steel columns in a free multi-storey frame was determined. Taking into account the non-standard case of fastening crossbars to the considered section in the frame of the overpass, using the LIRA CAD PC, as well as the Crystal module (implemented in SCAD), the loss of stability of equally loaded elements in the most sensitive area is clearly shown.

Keywords: Euler's formula, loss of stability, coefficient of calculated length, calculated length, coefficient of stability margin, finite elements