The article highlights the problems associated with the accuracy of calculations and measurements of the thermal protection properties of multilayer building envelopes. The authors consider options aimed at improving the accuracy of calculations, such as using numerical modeling to calculate the temperature fields of structures, using hot-box testing equipment to determine the heat transfer coefficients of structural fragments, and improving the accuracy of measurements. The article provides a description of the hot-box setup and explains why the measurement accuracy is three times higher than in conventional climate chambers.

Keywords: measurement of the heat transfer coefficient, thermal protection of buildings, energy saving, measurement accuracy, calorimetric measurement method, hot box installation

The article presents the results of laboratory testing of a precast lintel made of D600 aerated concrete blocks fastened together using assembly adhesive for laying aerated concrete blocks and three reinforcing bars, two bars in the lower zone with a diameter of 20 mm A400 and one bar in the upper zone with a diameter of 16 mm A400. When testing the beam lintel, 3 loading schemes were assembled, each of which was a beam hinged on concrete supports. The obtained data were analyzed. Based on the test results, destructive loads, the nature of destruction were determined and the resulting deformations were assessed. The nature of destruction is similar to that of reinforced concrete beam structures with insufficient transverse reinforcement; destruction in all tested prototypes occurs in the support zone along inclined sections. The bearing capacity of aerated concrete lintels made of piece material is sufficient for use in construction practice.

Keywords: testing, bearing capacity, reliability, deformability, gas blocks, lintels, destruction

As a result of changes in regulatory documents on acceptance of residential premises, there is a need to develop illustrative methodological materials that would allow the future owner to independently, i.e. without the involvement of an external qualified specialist, to perform the acceptance of the apartment, pointing out to the representative of the developer involved in the acceptance of significant construction defects. The purpose of the study is to determine the structure of construction defects in residential premises and to identify the most common defects in this structure, which will allow the future owner to independently perform the acceptance of the apartment. In the article, based on the analysis of a significant number of claims from apartment owners to the builder and the results of the authors' research in the scope of forensic examinations and pre-trial construction-technical investigations, the structure of construction defects, which are massively identified in the process of acceptance of apartments, is defined and presented. The groups of defects that are most frequently encountered in practice are presented. To ensure the clarity of practical use of the obtained analytical materials, a list of mass construction defects identified in the process of acceptance of residential premises, indicating their category necessary for making a decision on the mandatory elimination of defects is defined.

Keywords: acceptance of apartments, construction defects, structure, defect groups, construction defect, substantial defect, non-substantial defect, building and technical expertise, translucent construction, engineering networks, finishing of premises

This article examines several key aspects related to the impact of high-rise buildings on human health and psychological state. First of all, the impact of high-rise buildings on mental health is analyzed, paying special attention to problems such as depression, anxiety and stress that can arise as a result of living in multi-storey buildings. We explore the social aspects of living in such conditions and the impact of architectural design on the quality of life. In addition, we would like to draw attention to the health problems of residents of high-rise buildings, including physical illnesses that can occur as a result of lack of natural light, poor ventilation and other factors associated with high-rise buildings. An important part will also be the discussion of possible solutions to improve the quality of life in multi-storey buildings.

Keywords: megapolis, high-rise buildings, high-rise buildings, building density, architectural design, emotional state, health, comfortable environment, quality of life.

A brief list of problems in the operational reliability of multilayer energy-saving walls is given, and the thesis is formulated that single-layer or equal-permeability multilayer walls may have better operational properties. Information about the equipment and technology for producing foam concrete mixtures using a one-stage method is provided. It is shown that the introduction of a fibrous filler instead of some of the sand significantly accelerates the phase transition of the mixtures from a viscous state to an elastic state and has a positive effect on the operational properties of the hardened foam concrete. The list of the material's investigated performance properties includes experimentally obtained indicators of sorption properties, equilibrium moisture content, thermal conductivity, and frost resistance of thermal insulation and structural-thermal insulation foam concrete containing different amounts of fibers of different lengths.

Keywords: foam concrete mixture, foam concrete, plastic strength, fiber, sorption properties, equilibrium moisture content, thermal conductivity, frost resistance

The article defines the prerequisites and criteria for constructing rational shapes of cylindrical mesh shells. The correlations of geometric parameters, taking into account the overall dimensions in the arc direction, are revealed. The required number of nodal connections is installed at the attachment points along the contour and in the middle zone. The main provisions on the creation of geometric schemes for the formation of structures are formed and possible options for assigning dimensions are considered. The expediency of using identical cells in the framework of constructing a regular mesh surface structure is substantiated. The sequence of calculation of the parameters determining the shape of the structure has been developed

Keywords: cylindrical shells, mesh structures, rotation surfaces, shaping, parameters, ratios

In the article, as part of the study of the stability of circular spatial structures, the parameters of the critical state of cylindrical mesh shells are determined. The features of using a solid analog are analyzed and a dependence is obtained to determine the magnitude of the critical load. The influence of geometric parameters on the degree of vulnerability and the danger of curvature of the mesh surface has been established. A rational span value is found for a fixed length and a given radius of curvature. A computer simulation using square cells was carried out and possible forms of loss of stability of the shells were determined. An acceptable similarity has been obtained between the calculation results of solid and mesh surfaces

Keywords: cylindrical mesh shells, structural shape, surfaces, parameters, ratios

The article presents the results of comparing numerical modeling of wooden structures with laboratory and full-scale tests. In the course of the work, numerical models of the material were created in the Ansys Workbench software package from volumetric finite elements with a variant set of physico-mechanical parameters simulating the behavior of real wood. The simulation parameters were based on the laboratory testing results of a solid wood beam. The simulation results were compared with the full-scale test results of a composite wood slab. Modeling of constructions was carried out in the form of linear, bilinear and multilinear models.

Keywords: solid wood beam, composite wood slab, bilinear finite element model, multilinear finite element model, stress-strain state

The main design features and elements of industrial shaft furnaces are described. It is indicated that one of the undesirable phenomena in a shaft furnace is a large temperature gradient along its height; in this regard, the processes of air mass transfer through various parts of the furnaces are considered. The relationships and limitations that determine such a negative effect as the possibility of external air diffusing into the furnace through its walls are formulated. The results can be used to increase the quality of shaft furnace designs and the applied heat treatment processes.

Keywords: electric furnaces, heat treatment, tightness, gas permeability

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the choice of the calculation scheme on the accuracy of the engineering assessment of the behavior of monolithic reinforced concrete frame structures. Various types of models are considered: rod, plate and volumetric, taking into account both linear and physical nonlinearity. It is emphasized that the adequacy of accounting for the spatial interaction of elements, the reliability of the assessment of forces and stresses, as well as the possibility of optimizing design solutions, especially under seismic and wind loads, depend on the correctness of the adopted calculation scheme.
As part of the study, a single-span reinforced concrete frame was modeled, the load on which varied from 5 to 55 kN. A comparison of the calculated results with experimental data was carried out. It is shown that models that take into account physical nonlinearity and use more detailed modeling (for example, volumetric finite elements) provide the greatest accuracy in predicting deflections and stresses in the structure.
The obtained results confirm the necessity of a careful approach to the choice of the calculation scheme in design, especially in the design of high-rise buildings and structures in seismically dangerous areas. Recommendations are made on the rational use of models of different levels of detail in engineering practice.

Keywords: linear calculation, nonlinear calculation, frames, reinforced concrete, deflections, modeling

This article assesses the global warming potential of a single-family residential complex at lifecycle stages A1-A3 (extraction, transportation, and production) and A4-A5 (delivery to the construction site, construction process). A digital BIM model of a typical cottage was used to accurately determine the volumes of building materials. Calculations were conducted taking into account the regional characteristics of the Rostov Region, based on environmental product declarations and emission factors. The article emphasizes the need to transition to sustainable practices to minimize the carbon footprint of the construction industry. The study demonstrates the importance of integrating BIM models to predict and reduce environmental impacts in the early stages of design.

Keywords: global warming potential, life cycle, climate change, building materials, BIM modeling

A system of expert-analytical methods for decision support at the design stage of multi-apartment residential buildings has been developed. The objective of the study is to economically evaluate the developed methods at the design stage of construction projects. Fuzzy logic is used as a mathematical basis for intelligent automated decision support systems. The method for assessing the investment attractiveness of residential complexes provides decision support based on the average area of ​​an apartment and the number of apartments per floor. The method for assessing the attractiveness of building a multi-storey residential building takes into account the class of housing, the height and area of ​​the building. An economic justification for the use of expert systems is provided and it is shown that calculating the construction attractiveness coefficient allows increasing the profit of a construction organization within 30% due to the use of empirical knowledge and specialized engineering solutions.

Keywords: intelligent automated system, design, multi-apartment residential building, economic assessment, investment attractiveness, fuzzy logic

The article presents the results of static and dynamic calculations of a 14-storey administrative building with two underground floors. The building is located in the city of Sochi. The seismicity of the construction area is 9 points. As a result of calculations under seismic influence, characteristic isofields of movements of the building system in different directions, stress isofields in load-bearing monolithic reinforced concrete floors, and force plots in core elements were obtained. According to the results of the verification calculations of the load-bearing reinforced concrete structures of the building frame, it was revealed that the strength of the individual columns of the underground floors of the building is not ensured. Options for reinforcing columns using various options are presented: classic reinforced concrete cage, metal cage, pasting with composite tapes, steel-reinforced concrete cage. As a result of comparing all reinforcement options, the most optimal reinforcement option was adopted from the point of view of technology, economic feasibility and strength parameters.

Keywords: steel-fiber concrete, seismic, strength, reinforcement, dynamic calculation, cage, column, building, composite, comparison

The article considers the issues of increasing road safety in urban development in winter. The causes of snow and ice deposits and their impact on the comfort and safety of traffic, including pedestrians, are considered. A review of modern snow melting and road surface heating systems is provided, with the most effective examples of road surface heating projects being given. A comparative analysis and assessment of the effectiveness of road surface heating systems is performed, using a 1000 m2 car park as an example. Recommendations are given for the use of road surface heating systems.

Keywords: highways, hydrothermal systems, electrical systems, road surface heating

A comparative study of three reinforcement options for reinforced concrete beams has been carried out: without reinforcement, with reinforcement with carbon tape both along the entire span length, and with partial reinforcement of the span zone with an end mechanical anchoring with carbon bundles. Numerical modeling has been performed, diagrams of bending moments and force distribution have been constructed, and the coefficients of the safety margin of the construction system have been estimated. The effectiveness of the schemes is substantiated in terms of strength, taking into account manufacturability and material consumption. It is shown that the use of mechanical anchoring with harnesses increases the reliability of the system while reducing material consumption.

Keywords: anchor harness, carbon fiber, load-bearing capacity, structural reinforcement, composite material

The article considers issues related to the development of the territories of the Far North and the Arctic, namely, issues of ensuring transport accessibility of the northern regions. The issues of relevance and demand for the construction of winter roads and ice crossings are considered. The features of the construction and operation of winter roads are studied. The main methods of strengthening and extending the service life of winter roads are considered and analyzed. Options for strengthening winter roads and ice crossings with geosynthetic materials are proposed and substantiated. Recommendations are given to reduce the environmental impact of measures to strengthen winter roads on the environment.

Keywords: winter roads, ice crossings, ice coverings, strengthening, reinforcement

During long-term operation of reinforced concrete structures of buildings and structures under the influence of various loads and impacts, destructive changes occur, which lead to a decrease in the bearing capacity and serviceability, and, as a consequence, to the need to use structural reinforcement. In compressed elements, as is known, concrete destruction occurs due to reaching tensile stresses in the transverse direction of the strength limit. In this case, one of the effective methods for strengthening such structures is the creation of transverse ferrules from composite materials. At the same time, the studies show relatively low stresses in the elements of composite reinforcement when the structure reaches destruction. The current task of this study is to study the effect of prestressing elements made of carbon composite materials on changing the physical and mechanical properties of concrete under compression. The technology of creating prestressing is considered and the results of testing experimental concrete samples are presented. It was found that reinforcing elements with prestressed ferrules increases the strength of concrete by more than 2 times.

Keywords: concrete, reinforced concrete, compressed elements, reinforcement, composite materials, pre-compression, strength, deformability

Modern approaches to fire safety in modular buildings are analyzed. The features of these structures from the point of view of fire safety, innovative materials and technologies, regulatory requirements and successful examples of fire prevention measures have been studied. The importance of introducing advanced solutions to improve safety in the rapidly developing field of modular construction was emphasized.

Keywords: technology, module, fire hazard, fire safety, construction, material, requirements, risk, construction, implementation

The article provides a comparative analysis of the approaches to forecasting rutting used in Russia and the USA. Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) and domestic regulatory documents are reviewed, and their key differences in forecast accuracy, applicability, and calculation complexity are identified.

Keywords: rutting, forecasting of road structures, MEPDG, monitoring of road conditions, regulatory methodologies

The article examines the analysis of modern approaches to the organization of an inclusive environment in construction. The structure of the previously developed algorithm has been clarified, taking into account the key criteria of accessibility, informativeness, safety and comfort. The calculation of the adaptation of structures and services using the example of a standard apartment building (MCD) confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach. It has been established that the implementation of the algorithm, taking into account user needs, allows us to talk about optimal solutions for an inclusive urban environment, which is especially important in the context of the development of the "city within a city" concept.

Keywords: inclusive environment, construction, adaptation, accessibility, algorithm, criteria, urban transport, infrastructure, people with limited mobility, calculation, structural elements, safety, informativeness, comfort, apartment buildings

The article is devoted to the analysis and optimization of the stability of engineering structures to wind loads through the use of innovative structures of support and anchor foundations. In modern construction, when the requirements for reliability and stability of buildings have increased, special attention is being paid to the development of effective foundations capable of withstanding both compressive and pulling loads. Support and anchor foundations are presented as a comprehensive solution, including combined anchors and a monolithic slab (grillwork), ensuring uniform load distribution. The main focus is on the combined anchor, which acts as the main working element that receives the forces from the structure and effectively transfers them to the ground. Unlike traditional piles, the proposed design significantly increases the resistance to pulling due to the use of wire anchors with high load-bearing capacity.

Keywords: pile, conical tip, support and anchor foundation, support, combined anchor, grillage

The article is devoted to the assessment of the strength of reinforced concrete elements with defects and damages. It examines the main types of defects (reinforcement corrosion, cracks, deformations, shrinkage, spalling of concrete, etc.), their causes, and consequences. The document also presents various calculation methods for evaluating the residual load-bearing capacity of structures, taking into account these defects, including formulas for assessing the impact of corrosion, cracks, and other damages on the strength of beams. It is noted that current methodologies primarily focus on analyzing a single type of defect, while a comprehensive approach to evaluating multiple damages requires further research. The research results can be useful for developing recommendations for the operation and repair of reinforced concrete structures, as well as for improving methods of assessing their safety during long-term use.

Keywords: strength, load-bearing capacity, damage, defect, crack, corrosion, degradation, experiment, reinforced concrete, beam

The article presents a comparative analysis of the results obtained from the automatic determination of crack width in reinforced concrete structures using photogrammetric 3D targets and the manual method using a Brinell microscope. It also outlines the general conditions required to obtain accurate crack width measurements when performing photogrammetric surveys. The experience of using photogrammetric targets for determining crack width in reinforced concrete structures in Russia is limited due to the novelty of the method, the high cost of specialized equipment, and the complexity of data processing. Proper use of photogrammetric targets can significantly speed up the process of measuring crack width in monolithic reinforced concrete structures and improve measurement accuracy. This technology is particularly relevant for monitoring or field testing of structures that require regular crack width control.

Keywords: photogrammetric targets, monitoring, crack width, reinforced concrete, software suite, camera, focal length, lighting

This article discusses the problem of determining the dynamicity coefficients in case of local damage to the truss in the steel frame of an industrial building. The analysis of the resistance of steel frames to local damage is an important area in the design of industrial buildings, especially those that belong to the category of increased responsibility. Damage to individual elements of the load-bearing system can cause a redistribution of forces and lead to a progressive collapse.

Keywords: diversification of management, production diversification, financial and economic purposes of a diversification, technological purposes of ensuring flexibility of production

The article presents research in the form of comparison of safety factors in guy ropes of building structures designed using the limit state method and ropes of mast structures related to power engineering facilities, specified in federal norms and rules. It is demonstrated that the use of safety factors for guy ropes of mast structures, justified by the theory of reliability, allows to effectively solve the problem of assigning rejection criteria for guy ropes, and can be used in developing recommendations for their inspection, technical diagnostics, and operation based on the existing known rejection criteria used for lifting structures.

Keywords: building structures, wooden structures, membrane panel, stress-strain state, radial beam dome, dome, membrane, design, experimental study