The technical solution for the construction of local treatment of return drainage flow from an irrigated area, based on the use of ion-exchange filter materials, is proposed. It has been established that the concentration of chemicals in the water of the drainage well is 1/3 lower than in the open collector, where the drainage flow is diverted. Therefore, the localization of the technological unit for the treatment of drainage water relative to the drainage well is a reasonable decision, since it will reduce the financial costs of filter media and the frequency of their replacement. The technological scheme of the treatment plant based on the block principle is described: by disconnecting or connecting individual blocks, it is possible to respond flexibly to changing needs in the quality and degree of drainage water treatment.

Keywords: technical solution, water treatment, ion exchange, drainage flow, block approach, drainage well, water quality, chemical analysis, land reclamation, irrigation system

The thickness of the steel sheets used in the element was gradually increased to meet the load bearing capacity requirements of large span steel bridges. As the main method of joining heavy plate steel, welding results in significant residual welding stresses with a complex distribution. Large residual stress during welding will significantly affect the performance of steel bridges. In this work, the distribution of residual stress in a welded thick steel sheet is systematically investigated, a specimen with a thickness of 80 mm was designed and manufactured, and the residual stress of welding was measured by X-ray diffraction.

Keywords: steel bridge, thick steel plate, welding residual stresses, X-ray diffraction method, weld joint

The article considers a comparative analysis of the methods of accounting for the influence of heavy-duty transport on the durability of road surfaces. The methods of calculating the coefficients of reduction to the design load are analyzed in detail. The modulus of elasticity is calculated according to the method of ODN 218.046-01 using reduction coefficients according to calculations of different methods. Recommendations on the application of the most effective technical solutions in the design of highways are given.

Keywords: automobile road, pavement, modulus of elasticity, heavy-duty transport

The article presents the result of a retrospective historical analysis of the architectural and urban planning concept for the restoration of the residential area of the Stalingrad Tractor Plant, developed after the end of the Battle of Stalingrad. The basic principles of organizing the planning of the living environment and the architectural and figurative solution of the building are revealed. The main compositional techniques and semiotic knots, which are the basis for the modern development of the Traktorozavodsky district of Volgograd, are singled out. Techniques and approaches to the landscape organization of the urban environment are studied.

Keywords: urban planning, historical analysis of territories, reconstruction, semiotics of the city, cultural heritage, soviet architecture

In this article, the stress state of a wooden beam reinforced with polymer composite reinforcement made of carbon tape of various lengths is investigated. The minimum required length of a carbon fabric-based reinforcing tape is determined in the most loaded lower stretched zone of a single-span solid-wood beam.

Keywords: solid-wood beam, polymer composite construction, carbon fabric tape, physical and mechanical characteristics of the composite, design load, place of breakage of the reinforcing tape, stress state of the beam, stress concentration zone

The article should choose a metal truss based on the initial data for pitched roofs. Defined maximum loads and deflections in each truss. On the analysis of the residually deformed state of the truss, it was concluded that the most authentic in terms of the structural members of the truss. Recommendations are given for the design of load-bearing structures of roofs on metal trusses in the manufacture of a shed roof structure.

Keywords: truss, effort, designing, deflection, roof, load, static calculation, displacements, trapezoidal truss, Molodechno truss

The main maintenance of a diversification of production as activity of subjects of managing is considered. being shown in purchase of the operating enterprises, the organizations of the new enterprises, redistribution of investments in interests of the organization and development of new production on available floor spaces. The most important organizational economic targets of a diversification of management are presented by innovative activity of the industrial enterprise.

Keywords: wastewater, dephosphatation, acidification, nutrient removal

Building objects experience various kinds of impacts that can cause deformations of structural elements - deflections, integrity violations, complete destruction of individual elements, etc. Timely detection of deformations and monitoring of their dynamics is the most important element of the safe operation of buildings and structures. The task of monitoring cracks in building structures is to record changes in cracks in order to monitor their technical condition. As a result of monitoring, decisions are made on the further operation of the facility, the need for repair measures, and the elimination of factors affecting the development of cracks. The use of beacons makes it possible to monitor the behavior of deformations of building structures. For the simplest observations, gypsum and point beacons can be used, for more detailed observations, clock-type beacons and plate beacons can be used. Electronic beacons enable detailed automated monitoring of changes.

Keywords: crack, beacon, gypsum beacon, lamellar beacon, sentry beacon, point beacon, crack opening width

Building information modeling (BIM) creates new opportunities not only in design and construction life cycle's phases, but also in operation of buildings. One of the most promising fields is historical building information modeling (HBIM). In the article areas of BIM's application during inspection and monitoring of timber strutures of historical buildings are outlined. Creation of 3D model of objects with complex geometry and structures with variable cross-sections is described. Questions of early warning system's creation during structural health monitoring (SHM) of buildings are considered. Works of domestic and international authors are analyzed. Areas that deserve further investigation are determined. They include integration of BIM with geographic information systems (GIS) and non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, creation of database of defects of buildings and structures.

Keywords: architectural monument, BIM, defect, early warning, HBIM, inspection of buildings, NDT, SHM, technical condition, timber structure

Constant force supports are used in all gas and oil refineries in cases where it is necessary to provide the mobility of the pipeline at the attachment points. The article discusses the algorithm for calculating the shape of the support profile details, which has a certain design. These details provide the constancy of the pipeline support vertical force when it is transferred from the compression spring to the support point. Analytical and geometrical variations of calculation are given. The article will be useful to specialists involved in the design of pipeline supports.

Keywords: movable joint, geometric calculation, variable stiffness, lisega, import substitution

In connection with improvement of public welfare, coming to the fore are requirements enabling comfortable living, which primarily depends on conditions of indoor air environment. This article provides arguments to suggest that, during reconstruction and overhaul of residential buildings, natural ventilation systems, failing to provide the required air exchange, need to be replaced with hybrid ventilation systems, allowing to maintain stable ventilation in existing multi-storey buildings throughout the year and involving minor capital and operating costs. Based on the example of a typical nine-storey residential building, two variations of hybrid ventilation have been developed: containing an ejector and roof fans, with economic feasibility of using both determined.

Keywords: microclimate quality, air exchange, natural ventilation, hybrid ventilation, an ejector, a roof fan, economic feasibility

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental scientific research on the problem of monitoring the safety of a coal-mining region at the stage of closing unpromising mines. To achieve the goal of research - the formation of an effective methodology for this problem - the following main tasks have been solved: - assessment of the negative impact of mining operations on the technosphere of the region; - selection of the basic characteristics of the natural-technogenic system; - comparative analysis of methods and technical and technological systems for environmental control. The authors of the article formulated the concept of a safe region and the hypothesis of its implementation. In particular, scientific and methodological approaches have been developed that provide an objective assessment of the results of research and the adoption of managerial decisions on the formation of a safe environment for the life of the population. The article shows that the effectiveness of the developed methodology in specific conditions is 85-90%.

Keywords: coal mining region, liquidation of mines, coal rock massif, methodology, natural-technogenic system, safety concept, proactive monitoring

The paper considers an example of solving a plane problem of the theory of plasticity as applied to concrete, which occurs when an absolutely rigid stamp acts on a concrete base. In this case, the solution was sought in the form of isolines of characteristics, the position of which made it possible to determine the stress state of the foundation. In this case, three areas were distinguished, differing in the stressed state. In the work, it was possible to analyze the effect of friction on the surface of the stamp on the boundaries of these regions and the isolines of stresses in them. Three conditions were considered: friction is absent, friction is constant, friction is proportional to the greater principal stress. The influence of various boundary conditions on the surface of the stamp on the stress state of the concrete base is revealed.

Keywords: concrete, theory of plasticity, plane problem, stress-strain state, stresses, friction, corner punch

In the field of design and construction of transport facilities, in particular railway transport, Industry 4.0 technologies are gradually being used. In the transport industry, the concept of "digital twins" - a computer representation of a real object - has become especially widespread. The basis for "digital twins" are information models (TIM-models). At the present stage of the development of these technologies, the method of applying TIM for linear-broaching objects has not been worked out to the end. This paper considers the experience of designing railway infrastructure facilities using information modeling technologies in Russia and in the world. The concept of the methodology for the practical implementation of information modeling technology for railway infrastructure facilities at the design stage is proposed. The main limitations of the presented methodology and ways to overcome them are considered.

Keywords: BIM, information model, railways, railway information modeling technologies, information modeling methodology

The possibility and expediency of switching from qualitative regulation of heat supply to quantitative in centralized heat supply systems for the existing network from the district boiler house No. 1364 of Volgograd is substantiated. The main advantages and disadvantages of each method of regulating heat supply to consumers are considered. The basic formulas for determining the thermal loads required depending on the outside air temperature, the hydraulic calibration calculation of the existing network from boiler house No. 1364 are described. Volgograd, determination of the internal hydraulic characteristics of the resistance of the heat network and determination of the required hydraulic regime for consumers of the microdistrict No. 1364, depending on the change in coolant flow due to the regulation of the speed of rotation of the pump impeller. As a result, the implementation of the transition from a qualitative to a quantitative method of regulating heat release is possible without serious hydraulic interventions.

Keywords: heat supply, control methods, heat carrier temperature, heat carrier consumption, boiler room, heat network, pump, frequency-controlled drive, hydraulic modes, thermal energy saving

One of the methods for strengthening connections in steel trusses made of cold-formed welded profiles is the use of plate overlays. This article presents their influence on increasing the strength of connections according to the criterion of bearing capacity under compression. The investigations were conducted using the component finite element method. The obtained dependencies of the increase in bearing capacity are demonstrated based on the width and angle of the brace connection. An engineering methodology has been developed to assess the strength of the reinforced connection under compression, utilizing a traditional formula from Russian design standards with the substitution of the thickness of the chord by the equivalent thickness.

Keywords: : reinforcement, connections, cold-formed profiles, bearing capacity, compression

A review of the literature in the field of construction heat engineering and regulatory requirements for thermal protection of buildings is given. A study of methods of increasing thermal protection for reconstructed and designed buildings, taking into account modern requirements, has been carried out. A methodology for strengthening the thermal protection of building structures has been developed.

Keywords: thermal performance of building , energy efficiency, heat-efficient enclosing structures, thermal insulation materials

The main characteristics of the building for dynamic calculation are the frequency and forms of natural oscillations. These values are related to the rigidity of the building, the rigidity of the elastic foundation and its mass. To study the effect of the stiffness of the elastic foundation, an equivalent idealized model of free oscillations of a cantilever rod is considered. The calculation takes into account the rigidity of the support. For the considered model, a transcendental equation and its numerical solution is obtained. Solutions for the limiting cases of elastic foundation stiffness are obtained. The obtained results allow us to analyze the effect of the stiffness of the elastic foundation on the frequencies of natural oscillations. It is calculated that with an increase in the stiffness of the elastic foundation, the frequencies of natural oscillations increase. The influence is limited and has an asymptotic character. The rigidity of the elastic foundation can have a significant effect on the natural frequencies of the first five bending forms of natural oscillations and may not be taken into account for higher-order forms.

Keywords: dynamics, natural oscillations, natural frequencies, building, structure, transcendental equation, elastic foundation, elastic support

The article analyzes the shaping of buildings and structures in modern architectural practice. Form in architecture is primarily a means of expressing and translating concepts. It's also what ultimately fills and divides the space we live in. Form in architecture can have great symbolic and cultural significance and can transform a space for the better or for the worse. The simplest of the forms are known as primary forms. The main shapes include circles, triangles and squares. Each form can be created by a combination of basic forms. When rotated or expanded, basic shapes can create three-dimensional volumes known as basic bodies. In modern architectural practice, it is very common to resort to the use of complex shapes created using spatial curves. The task of the architect is a complete visual representation of such forms in drawings, as well as using modern software graphics packages. The article raises the problem of the correct interpretation of architectural forms formed by such spatial curves (using the Hilbert curve as an example).

Keywords: architecture, spatial curves, axonometric projections, Hilbert curve, modernism, shaping, ornamentation, space

Issues of carrying out the identification of hazardous production facilities are discussed. On a real example of a survey of a warehouse of combustible substances, the implementation of a technical expertise with a conclusion drawn up on its results is illustrated. The article was written on the basis of the completed research work No. 22-78.

Keywords: hazardous production facility, identification, technical expertise, industrial safety, building structures

Geodesic control plays an important role in the reconstruction of cultural heritage sites. It allows the accurate determination of the geometric parameters of historic objects, which can be particularly important for restoring their historic size and shape to achieve the most accurate match to the original appearance. Geodetic work is carried out to support the accuracy of design and construction. They allow you to monitor the consistency of the design documentation and the actual work performed. This can help avoid errors and additional work during the construction phase and ultimately ensure a higher quality of reconstruction. This paper describes geodetic support during the reconstruction of the residence of Patriarch Kirill. Located on a huge territory the complex has a high religious-historical and cultural significance, which determines the quality of geodetic control at all stages of reconstruction and construction works.

Keywords: object of cultural heritage, architectural monuments, reconstruction, geodetic surveys, geodetic network, geodetic control, geodetic monitoring

The article is devoted to mathematical modeling of construction of underwater tunnels intended for subway. This type of tunnels can also be used as railway and road tunnels. The most interesting are underwater tunnels-bridges and floating tunnels, but the most perspective and most frequent are tunnels located at the bottom of water barrier.

Keywords: underwater tunnel, subway, finite element method, leave section method, mathematical modeling, construction technology stages, transport tunnel, stress-strain state

The results of research of engineering solutions for ventilation of swimming pools based on mathematical modeling taking into account real thermal loads and moisture releases are presented. The analysis of air distribution options in rooms with swimming pools for various purposes – a public swimming pool, a SPA complex and a sports pool with bleachers for spectators. Based on the results obtained in the form of distribution fields of the parameters of the air environment, the necessary changes in the schemes of the organization of air exchange are revealed. If the parameters deviate from the normalized values, recommendations have been developed to improve the state of the microclimate. These temperature distributions allow us to conclude that the air temperature near the surfaces of external fences meets the requirements that ensure their safety. conclusions on the compliance of the obtained results with the required parameters of the microclimate for rooms with high relative humidity.

Keywords: Swimming pool, ventilation, heat, moisture, air distribution, microclimate, air environment, numerical modeling

Highways are a fairly significant part of the Iraqi transport system, characterized by increased accidents on the roads. Analysis of the causes of accidents showed their main cause – speeding cars in conditions of increased slipperiness and destruction of the road surface. The influence of the coefficient of adhesion and the degree of destruction of the roadway on the risk of an accident is investigated. Measures to reduce accidents on the roads of the republic are proposed.

Keywords: road safety, the risk of an accident, the coefficient of adhesion, the destruction of the coating, accident analysis, road repairs, the causes of increased accidents

The issues of developing a project for strengthening the building structures of a cable overpass after an emergency (accident) are discussed. On a real example, a description of the accident is given, the performance of work on the ghost of structures to the standard state is illustrated. The article was written on the basis of the completed research work No. 18-26.

Keywords: building structures, safety, cable trestle, emergency response, technical expertise, buildings and structures, metal structures, reinforcement project