The article analyzes a number of factors influencing and shaping modern trends in the development of green construction, assesses the reasons accelerating and inhibiting the current growth of "green" construction in Russia and the world, and lists the main advantages of green construction projects in comparison with traditional construction.

Keywords: green building, ecology, energy efficiency, "green" building materials, natural and climatic conditions, green houses

This paper presents a comparative analysis of test results for reinforced concrete columns strengthened with steel and carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP)-based composite materials. Particular emphasis is placed on deformability and stiffness characteristics. The experimental program included 21 columns fabricated from normal-weight concrete with a target compressive strength class of B25–B30. All specimens had a rectangular cross-section of 250 × 125 mm (width × height) and two different lengths—1200 mm and 2400 mm—corresponding to slenderness ratios (λₕ) of 10 and 20, respectively.
The columns were subjected to axial loading with three eccentricity values: e₀ = 0; e₀ = 2.0 cm (0.16h); and e₀ = 4.0 cm (0.32h). Additional test variables included internal and external steel reinforcement configurations, as well as the spacing and cross-sectional area of the composite strengthening layers.
The study investigates the effects of the aforementioned parameters on the performance of columns strengthened with CFRP composites and steel elements. The results demonstrate that strengthened reinforced concrete columns—despite having identical geometry and being tested under the same load eccentricities—exhibit significantly different structural responses.
The primary objective of this research was to determine the influence of strengthening element stiffness on the deformability of slender strengthened columns, and the effect of load eccentricity on the required stiffness of strengthening components.

Keywords: reinforced concrete, column, steel, testing, composite material, CFRP, strengthening

This article analyzes the specifics of applying certain circular economy principles in the construction industry. It examines the generation and management of construction waste. The main sources and types of construction waste are identified, including their classification by hazard level. It is determined that, due to its scale and the diversity of materials consumed, the construction industry has the greatest potential for waste utilization.

Keywords: construction industry; сlosed-loop economy; construction waste, waste recycling, waste disposal; circular economy

The article examines the architectural and planning features of the settlements of the Thai people in the North of Vietnam. It analyzes the origin of the ethnic group, identifies the area and landscape morphotypes of settlement, and examines the diversity of planning structures within the morphotypes. The article determines that the architectural type of the settlements is a house on stilts. Specific examples are provided. The article also notes the changes in living conditions in traditional Thai settlements due to urbanization. The goal is to develop measures at the state level to preserve the region's architectural identity.

Keywords: architectural and planning structure, traditional settlement, ethnic group, landscape morphotype, stilt house, northern Vietnam

The paper is devoted to the problems of MicroGrid technology development, consisting in the construction of a distributed energy supply system based on autonomous energy generation sources. The objective of the paper is to construct models and procedures for decision support in multi-criteria selection of combined autonomous energy generation projects from a large number of possible alternatives. To achieve the objective, a morphological analysis of the subject area was carried out (using the method of systematic field coverage by F. Zwicky), as a result of which a space of alternatives of combined energy sources was constructed. A group ordering of criteria was carried out based on their expert assessment. Sequential application of the modified analytical network method using ordered groups of criteria made it possible to limit the number of criteria taken into account at each stage (by the number of criteria in a group) and consistently reduce the number of alternatives (considering only a few of the best alternatives of the previous stage). The proposed multi-stage procedure makes it possible to reduce (at each stage) the dimension of the supermatrix of the analytical network method and, thereby, reduce the time complexity of the procedure compared to the direct application of this method. The use of the proposed procedure makes it possible to consider a larger number of alternatives taking into account a larger number of criteria (compared to traditional methods of decision support), and, therefore, allows for an increase in the level of scientific validity of technical and economic decisions when designing MicroGrid systems

Keywords: MicroGrid, autonomous power system, decision support, analytical network method

The main design features and elements of industrial shaft furnaces are described. It is indicated that one of the undesirable phenomena in a shaft furnace is a large temperature gradient along its height; in this regard, the processes of air mass transfer through various parts of the furnaces are considered. The relationships and limitations that determine such a negative effect as the possibility of external air diffusing into the furnace through its walls are formulated. The results can be used to increase the quality of shaft furnace designs and the applied heat treatment processes.

Keywords: electric furnaces, heat treatment, tightness, gas permeability

The article discusses a method of intellectual support for management decisions aimed at optimizing the process of project data management in organizational and production systems. An approach based on Fuzzy C-Means fuzzy classification algorithm is proposed, implemented in the SZMK.ModelChecker software module, which performs the functions of analysis, decision-making and control in the digital management loop of project documentation. The method formalizes the procedure for unifying design elements, taking into account a set of geometric, technological and structural features, and implements a soft logic of decision-making in conditions of uncertainty. Experimental testing has confirmed the stability and reliability of the algorithm.: The number of unique project positions has been reduced by 38.7%, the documentation processing time has been reduced by 35%, and the share of secure accessories exceeds 90%.

Keywords: management in organizational systems, intelligent decision support, fuzzy classification, Fuzzy C-Means, digital control loop, SZMK.ModelChecker, unification of project data, adaptive management, optimization of information flows, digital transformation

A system of expert-analytical methods for decision support at the design stage of multi-apartment residential buildings has been developed. The objective of the study is to economically evaluate the developed methods at the design stage of construction projects. Fuzzy logic is used as a mathematical basis for intelligent automated decision support systems. The method for assessing the investment attractiveness of residential complexes provides decision support based on the average area of ​​an apartment and the number of apartments per floor. The method for assessing the attractiveness of building a multi-storey residential building takes into account the class of housing, the height and area of ​​the building. An economic justification for the use of expert systems is provided and it is shown that calculating the construction attractiveness coefficient allows increasing the profit of a construction organization within 30% due to the use of empirical knowledge and specialized engineering solutions.

Keywords: intelligent automated system, design, multi-apartment residential building, economic assessment, investment attractiveness, fuzzy logic

This article presents the first documented implementation of Rowena Reed Costello's compositional design methodology in Russian architecture and design education. Reed's pedagogical legacy, known for its emphasis on spatial hierarchy, visual logic, and perceptual training, has had a profound influence on the teaching of architecture and design in Western contexts, particularly in the United States, but has not yet been adopted in post-Soviet architecture curricula. In an applied pedagogical experiment within an architecture course at RUDN University, student participants were introduced to three core exercises from Reed's program. Additional focus groups included participating architects and designers and graduate students from the American University in Dubai, enabling comparisons of perception and performance across age and experience levels. Rubric-based assessment and qualitative feedback through surveys and interviews were used. The study results demonstrated measurable improvements in spatial thinking, perceptual clarity, and compositional coherence.

Keywords: composition, Rowena Reed Costello, spatial perception, spatial thinking, methods of architectural education, teaching architecture and design, visual logic, spatial hierarchy, compositional coherence, cross-cultural significance

The article considers issues related to making management decisions when ensuring safety in emergency situations. It reflects the features of making management decisions in emergency situations, when achieving a guaranteed level of safety is not always possible. The control loop is presented and the connections between the elements of the first and second stages are analyzed. It is shown that uncertainty in making management decisions arises due to a lack of information about the control object or is caused by unprofessional actions of the decision maker. It is proposed to create and use in practice a digital twin of safety in an emergency situation to eliminate uncertainties in making management decisions. Decomposition of the task into subtasks allows for the process of collecting and analyzing aggregate information about the control object to eliminate uncertainties and minimize risks in the development, adoption and implementation of management decisions in an emergency situation when ensuring safety.

Keywords: control model, control loop, uncertainty, risk, digital twin, decomposition, emergency safety

The development, implementation and continuous improvement of diagnostic systems for Russian Railways (RZD) infrastructure facilities are defined as conditions for ensuring reliable and safe operation. The current concept regulates the stages and directions of development of diagnostic systems for the period up to 2030, with a development perspective up to 2035. It is planned to create integrated, stationary and mobile monitoring and diagnostic systems.
The most optimal, from the point of view of the effectiveness of the diagnostic system, is to provide the ability to monitor diagnostic parameters with a given accuracy, automatically, without disabling equipment, in real time. This approach significantly simplifies operational control procedures. There is no need to change the condition of the equipment and power supply circuits. The number of personnel involved in carrying out diagnostic procedures is decreasing, as well as the influence of the human factor on the results is decreasing. The article discusses ways to automate the isolation control of Russian Railways infrastructure facilities.

Keywords: diagnostic system, infrastructure, operational control, automation

This paper addresses the problem of improving the accuracy and objectivity of meat quality assessment. An approach to automated product evaluation is presented, based on the integration of a computer vision system (CVS) and deep learning methods. A convolutional neural network VGG-16, pre-trained on the large-scale ImageNet dataset, was employed to effectively implement transfer learning. The processes of data preprocessing and the architecture of the applied neural network are described. The results of training and validation demonstrate high classification accuracy of meat samples by the criterion “fresh/spoiled.” The potential of the proposed approach for automating quality control in the meat industry and reducing the influence of subjective factors is emphasized.

Keywords: computer vision, deep learning, convolutional neural network, transfer learning, meat quality assessment, process automation, image classification, automated quality control

This article explores the development and implementation of an intelligent chatbot for information support for university staff and students. The solution is integrated into a unified personal account and is based on the locally deployed Gemma language model, the n8n automation platform, and the Supabase vector database. The design methodology, technology comparison, system architecture, implementation process, and testing results are described. Implementation of the system enabled the automation of 85% of routine queries, reduced the average response time to 1.8–2.1 seconds, and increased user satisfaction to 4.58 out of 5. The study's results can be adapted for various automated educational systems, particularly for providing information support to operators in computer simulator training courses.

Keywords: intelligent chatbot, language models, artificial intelligence, information support, higher education, semantic search

The article analyzes modern threats to the information security of military personnel in the area of a special military operation, including methods of social engineering and open-source cyber espionage. Based on the systematization of real incidents, regulatory analysis and international experience, comprehensive measures are proposed to protect personal data and counter cyber threats, from technical solutions and digital hygiene protocols to organizational and legal mechanisms. The results of the study are aimed at increasing the awareness of personnel, reducing the influence of the human factor as the main vulnerability and forming a stable information security system in the field. The developed recommendations can be used in the training of military personnel, the improvement of charters and the introduction of cybersecurity standards in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: information security, military personnel, special military operation, personal data, cyber threats, digital hygiene, social engineering, cyber intelligence, communications security, military cybersecurity

The article examines aspects of the use of artificial intelligence in architectural and construction design. Building design is a complex and multi-factorial process that requires careful analysis of multiple parameters, including strength, functionality, environmental sustainability, energy efficiency, and regulatory compliance. In the context of globalization and rapid technological progress, there is a need for innovative approaches that can improve the quality of design solutions and reduce the time for their implementation. One of the promising areas in this area is the integration of artificial intelligence in the design of buildings and structures. Artificial intelligence is transforming the field of construction design, providing the following significant advantages, such as optimizing the design process, analyzing a large amount of data and improving the quality of design solutions, developing innovative concepts. Building design is a complex process involving strength, functionality, environmental friendliness, energy efficiency and compliance. In the context of globalization and technological progress, innovative approaches are needed. One promising solution is the integration of artificial intelligence, which optimizes the design process, analyzes large amounts of data and improves the quality of solutions. Artificial intelligence automates routine tasks such as drawing generation and load calculations, allowing architects to focus on creativity. It also validates design compliance, predicts design behavior under extreme conditions, and offers optimal materials, reducing costs and improving quality. Artificial intelligence opens up possibilities for creating innovative architectural solutions, including generative design and virtual visualization. He adapts projects to individual needs, improving comfort. The article provides an example of the use of artificial intelligence - a crack monitoring system in the buildings of the North Caucasus Federal University (Stavropol city). It analyzes images of defects using deep learning and computer vision, determining their parameters and causes. In the future, the system will be able to work with video materials in real time. The interpenetration of artificial intelligence and design processes is a dynamically developing and promising area with great potential for improving the quality of design solutions. However, for the successful introduction of artificial intelligence, it is necessary to take into account not only technical aspects, but also ethical and social issues related to its application. In the future, we can expect further development of artificial intelligence technologies in architecture and construction, which will lead to the creation of more sustainable, energy-efficient and innovative buildings that meet modern requirements and expectations of society. Application of artificial intelligence in architectural and construction design: prospects and challenges

Keywords: modular technology in construction, construction production, construction technologies, architecture, environment, module, frame buildings, ergonomics, volumetric modular design, modular construction

Rapid digitalization and the transition to flexible management methodologies pose fundamentally new challenges for IT project managers. Previously, classical planning schemes ensured the stability of processes, but today they are increasingly becoming vulnerable to chaotic requirements and staffing shortages in the industry. Paradoxically, technological progress, which generates these challenges, simultaneously offers tools to overcome them — intelligent assistants begin to play the role of strategic partners in decision-making. The central element of the study was an experiment on the integration of a cognitive assistant into the Timetta company's workflows. An analysis of the twelve-month implementation cycle revealed a curious pattern: the combination of generative language models with predictive analytics not only optimized routine operations, but also changed the very logic of interaction in teams. Automation of processing 63% of typical requests through NLP mechanisms freed up resources for solving creative tasks, which affected key metrics - reaction time was halved, and the employee loyalty index reached record levels. An unexpected discovery was the "synergy zone" between artificial and human intelligence. Contrary to the expectations of skeptics, algorithms have not replaced managers, but have become a kind of "cognitive enhancer." Dynamic dashboards and scenario risk modeling have transformed not so much the processes as the thinking of project participants. However, the success of this collaboration turned out to be fragile – the efficiency of the system dropped sharply when trying to completely replace specialists, which underscores the importance of balance in hybrid management models. The practical results of the research raise new questions for the community. How can algorithms be customized to suit the cultural characteristics of the teams? What ethical framework should be established for AI intermediaries in conflict situations? The answers to these challenges will be crucial for the next stage of the evolution of project management, where technological power will not be a competitor, but a continuation of human expertise.

Keywords: organizational management, software projects, intelligent decision support system, knowledge management, ontology, artificial intelligence, risk management, predictive analytics, resource allocation, flexible management

Based on the conducted research, an analysis was conducted of changes in the duration of spring and autumn thaws for the Republic of Karelia, taking into account the characteristics of the roadbed soil, the duration of the frost period, the location of the region, and average monthly air temperatures for the period 2019-2023. Recommendations are provided based on the obtained results.

Keywords: spring thaw, autumn thaw, depth of soil freezing, highways, operation, construction of highways, regions of the Far North