In the modern world, mixed reality technologies are increasingly being used and implemented. The allow you to create virtual objects in a real environment and provide human interaction with them, using different devices, basic element of enteractive interaction and artificial intelligence. The term «mixed reality», which appeared in the 20th century, had a significant impact on architecture, graphic design and art. This study examines an innovative approach to interacting with architectural objects through technologies of mixed reality of artificial intelligence. Also revealed the essence of interactive interaction with mixed reality, the way of identifying methods and forms. Studying modern methods will improve the educational process and increase the level of accessibility of knowledge about architectural objects, contributing to the preservation and dissemination of knowledge about cultural heritage.

Keywords: mixed reality, architecture, art, artificial intelligence, interactive technology, interactive interaction, educational experience, knowledge, modern methods

The article examines the architectural and planning features of the settlements of the Thai people in the North of Vietnam. It analyzes the origin of the ethnic group, identifies the area and landscape morphotypes of settlement, and examines the diversity of planning structures within the morphotypes. The article determines that the architectural type of the settlements is a house on stilts. Specific examples are provided. The article also notes the changes in living conditions in traditional Thai settlements due to urbanization. The goal is to develop measures at the state level to preserve the region's architectural identity.

Keywords: architectural and planning structure, traditional settlement, ethnic group, landscape morphotype, stilt house, northern Vietnam

The article examines the unique environment of the historical district of Parusinka in Ivangorod, which has been formed over more than two hundred years. The typology of the architectural and spatial environment has been determined based on a comprehensive analysis; each type of environment has its own unique potential and specific problems. The study highlights the need for an individual and fragmented approach to the revitalization of each territorial unit in order to preserve the "spirit of the place" and comprehensively optimize the district of the border city.

Keywords: Ivangorod, Narva Manufactory, historical environment, architectural and spatial environment, urban environment optimization, reconstruction, place identity

The article examines architectural approaches to the design of temporary museums and exhibition pavilions. Particular attention is paid to the concept of modularity as a tool for spatial adaptation and rapid installation, as well as mobility as a strategy for expanding cultural presence beyond stationary institutions. Historical and contemporary examples are analyzed, including so-called pop-up museums, container galleries, and disassemblable exhibition modules. The role of innovative materials, digital design, and transport logistics in the formation of a flexible architectural environment is emphasized.
The article reveals the potential of temporary exhibition structures as a tool for social inclusion, urban renewal and cultural decentralization. Special attention is paid to Russian and international experience. The modular museum is presented as a type of architecture sensitive to time, place and cultural context.

Keywords: museum, exhibition complex, architecture, modularity, mobility, flexibility, adaptability, design, construction

The article discusses the revitalization of industrial facilities of the elevator type, the current experience of restoration, renovation, reconstruction, and adaptation of such facilities to the modern needs of the urban environment. The article focuses on developing a theoretical model for the revitalization of former industrial facilities using the example of the Nevskaya Mlina flour mill in St. Petersburg. The article analyzes the architectural and spatial features, the potential for urban planning integration, and the functional reorientation of the facility. The principles of functional flexibility, architectural continuity, preservation of place memory, adaptive design, and sustainable urban integration became the basis for developing a theoretical model of revitalization for the Nevskaya Melnits flour mill. The practical result of solving the problem of transforming the flour mill in St. Petersburg is the versatility of its approach and the possibility of applying the proposed method to develop adaptation programs for other similar industrial facilities of the elevator type. 

Keywords: revitalization of industrial areas, renovation of flour mills, adaptation of industrial facilities, reconstruction of silos, elevator with silos towers

The article is dedicated to analyzing the changes in museum design in the context of the rapid integration of digital technologies. It examines the ways of integrating multimedia systems, virtual and augmented reality into the architectural structure of museum spaces. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign examples, new approaches to exhibition formation are identified, built on principles of flexibility, interactivity, and immersiveness. The emphasis is placed on the changes in typological models of museums: from traditionally hierarchical to adaptive, transformable formats. Special attention is given to the evolving role of the architect, acting as a mediator between digital scenarios and spatial expression. As a result, the museum of the future is envisioned as a complex spatial-technological ecosystem, in which architecture becomes an active participant in communication with visitors through digital content and technological interfaces.  

Keywords: typology, digitalization, museum, immersiveness, architecture, multimedia, museum of the future, design, digital exhibition, exhibition space

This article examines the integration of traditional and digital methods in contemporary architectural practice and education. The aim of the study is to identify the optimal balance between these approaches in the professional training of architects. Based on an analysis of historical experience, modern educational programs, and theoretical concepts, their unique advantages and limitations are identified. The research methodology includes a comparative analysis and a sociological survey of students at an architectural and construction educational institution. Manual drawing retains a critical role in conceptual exploration and the development of creative thinking, despite the dominance of digital tools as a mandatory market requirement (the survey results confirm the trend toward a hybrid approach). It is concluded that a synthesis of traditional and digital methods in curricula is necessary to prepare architects capable of innovation without losing the artistic component of the profession.

Keywords: Architectural design, hand-drawn graphics, digital technologies, BIM, parametricism, architectural education, professional competencies, integration of methods

The article examines the problem of architectural and spatial formation of the living environment of multi-storey residential quarters based on their coloristic solution. The analysis of the coloristic organization of the living environment space in specific housing complexes of St. Petersburg is carried out. The features of coloristic solutions of facades in the formation of a large-scale architectural space are revealed using examples of the architecture of St. Petersburg. Negative and positive examples of the use of color graphics of residential buildings in accordance with the psychological perception of scale are given.

Keywords: scale of living environment, coloristics, supergraphics, architectural space, scale of facade, psychophysiological perception of color

The article describes practical experience in restoring the author's paintings using the example of the Stone Church of the Descent of the Holy Spirit at the Danilovsky Cemetery, Moscow. The purpose of this article is to show specific methodological solutions in the restoration process that help avoid design errors and preserve the historicism of the object. The essence of the restoration problems lies in the fact that there is an extensive scientific base, large scientific libraries, passports of restoration of objects, expert opinions and reviews, which include official data on the object, but do not have a description of the restoration process and descriptions of problems solved during the production process.

Keywords: architecture, restoration, scientific restoration, painting in the temple, cultural heritage sites, authenticity, historicism

By the end of the 19th century, Azov continued to expand and increase its population. To ensure permanent medical care, it was decided to build a city hospital. Not immediately, but the hospital took its rightful place, and the institution has not moved since then. The architectural planning organization of the buildings and the site does not fully comply with the standards of the construction time: the organization of the general plan and the site are atypical in some places, but modern. However, the planning solutions in some places are questionable, which may be the reason for the fact that the Duma did not accept the object from the contractor for a long time. Today, the ensemble is an architectural monument of regional significance and continues to fulfill its main function, gradually expanding and adapting to the needs of the time.

Keywords: Azov, ensemble, architecture, hospital, hospital complex, city, history, cultural heritage site, Rostov region, Sokolov

A carbon fiber reinforced steel beam was tested, which was subjected to cyclic loads of varying intensity during bending during glue hardening and periodically tested in static mode to determine the increase in stiffness. Tests have shown that adhesion occurs at higher loads, the adhesion strength decreases, and when the shear stress in the adhesive layer is exceeded, adhesion does not occur. The flexibility of the adhesive layer also reduces the cross-section characteristics, but by no more than 7%. Lap shear tests performed on samples cut from reinforced beams confirmed the results of bending tests, showing that the greatest decrease in adhesion strength occurs at the ends of the beams, where the sliding and shear stresses are greatest.

Keywords: carbon fiber reinforcement, cyclic load, adhesive joint strength, lap shear test

Abstract: During the colonial period, the urban development policy of Guangzhou changed dramatically. These changes were the result of the collision and interaction of social, economic, cultural and other factors. This article examines the features of Guangzhou's urban development policy during the colonial period. By identifying and analyzing the features of Guangzhou's urban planning at different times during the colonial period, its changing urban development characteristics are explored. Knowledge of the spatial characteristics of Guangzhou's architectural environment during the colonial period provides a basis for future development of the foundations for the preservation and sustainable development of modern Guangzhou and other cities in China.

Keywords: Guangzhou, colonial period, opium wars, urban development policy, features of urban planning

The use of wooden elements to distribute loads from overlying structures to artificial and natural foundations has been known since ancient times. The most striking example known from ancient Greek epics is the description of the structure of the foundation of the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus (construction began around 550 BC). One of the seven wonders of the world was built in a seismic zone, but in a swampy part to minimize impacts. In those ancient times, the architects Chersiphron and Metagenom decided to lay burnt oak trunks in the foundation to evenly distribute loads on the foundation and reduce the settlement of the cyclopean structure by the standards of that time. Similar solutions were used by the architects of the Trans-Urals (Arkaim and settlements in the area of ​​the Karagayly-Ayat River), the ancient Roman port of Londinium, as well as the Neolithic dwellings in Lac de Chalen. The results of the conducted research show the technical regularities of the device of wooden grillages, ridge and sleeper structural elements in the foundation of objects of historical and architectural heritage in the architectural and construction art from ancient times to the present day. The work presents the results of the natura research, which showed the possibility of continuing the operation of buildings and structures using the specified structures.

Keywords: objects of historical and architectural heritage, dispersed environment, soil massif, artificial foundations, wooden piles, sleepers, crib foundation structures, loss of wood

The article explores parametric wooden installations to reimagine public architecture by combining the natural properties of wood with computational strategies. It explores how iterative modeling, digital fabrication and user-centric awareness reveal aesthetic and structural possibilities in open or semi-public spaces. A qualitative approach that combines experimental design, prototypes, and field feedback shows that it is effective in creating interactive forms, optimizing material use, and promoting community participation. While environmental factors and cultural ideas influence longevity, the results highlighted by the ZCB bamboo pavilion as an example of how digital workflows are adapted to sustainability, craft traditions and changing needs, ultimately confirming the promise of these structures to architects, policymakers and communities.

Keywords: parametric design, urban architecture, wooden installations, prototypes, digital fabrication, zcb bamboo pavilion, sustainability, digital form, lightweight, innovation

This article examines the main architectural principles of existing mosques in the South of Russia, such as: space-planning solutions, functional zoning, architectural and artistic and urban planning features. The article provides an overview of existing mosques in Astrakhan, Vladikavkaz, Grozny, Yevpatoriya and Rostov-on-Don. The analysis of existing mosques helps to formulate key architectural, planning and urban planning aspects in the design of modern mosques.

Keywords: mosque, minaret, mosque architecture, sacred architecture, Islam, landscaping, religious building, functional zoning of a mosque, space-planning solutions for a mosque, urban planning features of a mosque

The authors examine facade elements that were typical for residential buildings in Astrakhan in the first half of the 19th century. As in other Russian cities, housing construction here was carried out according to "exemplary" projects using classical architectural details. The study describes iconic architectural monuments with order decor of facades, as well as such common elements in Astrakhan as triangular pediments, simplified and shortened modillions, dormers and classical window frames. A unique feature of Astrakhan residential architecture is the yard galleries designed as colonnades of the transformed Tuscan order. In conclusion, the authors note that the facade elements generally followed the order and classical models, but were often simplified and loosely interpreted.

Keywords: classicism, residential architecture, "exemplary" project, architectural order, facade element, yard gallery, architectural heritage of Astrakhan

The article examines the Lepeshinsky House in Nalchik as a significant architectural and cultural heritage site. It describes the historical aspects of its construction in the late 19th century, architectural features and artistic elements that make the building unique. The authors emphasize the importance of preserving this monument for future generations and its role in shaping the cultural identity of the region. The article also discusses current problems of the building’s operation and plans for its restoration aimed at restoring its historical appearance and preventing further destruction. Key aspects include the need to protect cultural heritage and draw public attention to the significance of such objects for the history and culture of the people.

Keywords: Lepeshinsky House, Nalchik, architectural heritage, cultural heritage, historical building, restoration, preservation, architectural features, mansion, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

The use of wooden elements to distribute loads from overlying structures to artificial and natural foundations has been known since ancient times. The most striking example known from ancient Greek epics is the description of the structure of the foundation of the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus (construction began around 550 BC). One of the seven wonders of the world was built in a seismic zone, but in a swampy part to minimize impacts. In those ancient times, the architects Chersiphron and Metagenom decided to lay burnt oak trunks in the foundation to evenly distribute loads on the foundation and reduce the settlement of the cyclopean structure by the standards of that time. Similar solutions were used by the architects of the Trans-Urals (Arkaim and settlements in the area of ​​the Karagayly-Ayat River), the ancient Roman port of Londinium, as well as the Neolithic dwellings in Lac de Chalen. The results of the conducted research show the technical regularities of the device of wooden grillages, ridge and sleeper structural elements in the foundation of objects of historical and architectural heritage in the architectural and construction art from ancient times to the present day. The work presents the results of the natura research, which showed the possibility of continuing the operation of buildings and structures using the specified structures.

Keywords: objects of historical and architectural heritage, dispersed environment, soil massif, artificial foundations, wooden piles, sleepers, crib foundation structures, loss of wood

Over the course of a thousand-year history of development, various types of transport facilities have emerged, disappeared, or been revived. Many industrial and transport infrastructure facilities have lost their current functions, but have historical value. Historical buildings of stables, carriage houses, post stations, tram and railway depots need renovation and repurposing for new current functions. Each of these facilities has its own design and planning features, which can become determining factors when choosing a new purpose.

Keywords: architecture of transport structures, objects of transport infrastructure, stables, carriage houses, postal stations, repurposing, functional structure, functionalism, architectural form, reconstruction, renovation

The location of the St. Petersburg Commercial Port on the left-bank territories of the Neva estuary is an element of the urban development tradition of St. Petersburg. The planning structure, the system of unique engineering structures, including the Sea Canal, have been preserved here. The development, created according to the projects of famous architects of the past period, has high historical and cultural value. The renovation of historical architecture does not go without contradictions with modern trends in the functional development of the port, especially in the coastal areas, where the main loading and unloading processes take place

Keywords: industrial complex, renovation directions, history of industrial architecture, preservation of historical architectural and urban environment, architectural form, reconstruction, renovation

The article provides an analysis of the architectural aspects of sports and recreation buildings and structures of universities in the Southern Federal District (Rostov Region, Krasnodar Territory, Republic of Crimea) and Stavropol Territory, united in the framework of the study by the concept of "South of Russia". The classification of sports and recreation facilities at the universities under study is carried out. Some functional, spatial and planning features of sports buildings and facilities, sports and recreation facilities, student sanatoriums, sanatoriums, student polyclinics at universities in the South of Russia have been identified, which can serve as a basis for developing principles of architectural modernization of these facilities.

Keywords: architectural features, university sports and recreation facilities, student polyclinic, student health resort, university infrastructure, South of Russia

The article examines the research topic of non-stationary retail facilities in Gukovo. The relevance of this topic is due to the crisis state of the urban environment, the integration of small temporary buildings into the urban fabric of the city. Important integration factors are aesthetics, functionality, interaction with the environment, and innovation. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for the development of the NTO of the city of Gukovo, as an environmental system that performs the functions of updating and structuring the urban environment in the direction of implementing programs for the advanced development of former single-industry towns and improving their quality of life.

Keywords: non-stationary retail facilities, factors, innovative solutions, environmental systems, design code, single-industry town, models, architectural and design update

Abstract. The article examines the spatial planning solutions of buildings of foreign embassies from the point of view of general security, access control, protection from terrorist acts and other types of criminal encroachments. The relevance of the work is increasing as public safety in general and the growing tension in international relations become increasingly important. The main goal is to study architectural solutions, dividing the planning structure by access levels and identifying the most characteristic protective means used by designers. The object of the study is the buildings of embassies, the subject is their layout and functional zoning. As a research method, an analysis of modern buildings is carried out, divided into groups depending on the planning organization and volumetric structure. The examples demonstrate exactly how a volumetric structure can meet security requirements, how architectural techniques for separating human flows, restricting and controlling access, and others are used.

Keywords: consulate, security, surveillance, planning, atrium, anti-terrorism, embassy, ​​architecture, control, protection

The study of the shaping of these objects makes it possible to create new in shape and structure, durable and reliable building structures. This makes it possible to improve building structures based on the principles outlined in this study. The shapes and structure of some plant objects, such as bamboo, are considered. The search for optimal design options with natural structures in construction is especially relevant and gives rise to such a direction in science as bionics. And the introduction of mathematical modeling methods using bionic principles in the design creates conditions for the construction of more durable and reliable construction structures.

Keywords: plant object, model, bionics, shape, structure, construction

The article examines the use of decorative details of various origins (Ancient Russian, Western European, Oriental) in the work of Hippolyte Monighetti using the example of St. Barbara's Church in Vevey, the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum and its other buildings.

Keywords: Hippolyte Monighetti, eclectic architecture, stylization, historicism, neo-Russian style