This article examines the preservation of Kirovsk's historic character in the context of its contemporary development. The factors that influenced the development of cities on the Kola Peninsula in the first half of the 20th century are considered. It provides a brief chronicle of the emergence and development of Kirovsk as one of the key industrial centers of the Murmansk Region. The historical path of formation of urban development in the 1930s - 1950s is analyzed, and its specific features are identified. The current state and protection of Kirovsk's architectural heritage are highlighted, identifying threats to the loss of historic buildings caused by natural physical deterioration and processes leading to the loss of their original appearance. Proposals are presented for the preservation of significant elements of the planning, development and individual buildings that have historical and artistic value.

Keywords: architectural and urban development, architectural and planning structure, constructivism, stalinist neoclassicism, object of cultural heritage, adaptation, conservation, historical appearance of the building

The article explores the experience of adaptive reuse and the redevelopment of the former Vena Plant, located within the “Gray Belt” of St. Petersburg. Using this case study, it analyzes the fundamental principles of industrial site refunctionalization, as well as the strategies employed to preserve architectural heritage while integrating it into a contemporary urban context.

Keywords: adaptive reuse, urban greening, high-quality residential environment, Gray Belt, spirit of place (genius loci), industrial facilities, Vena Plant, residential complex, cultural heritage

This article explores the mutual influence between the phenomenon of pilgrimage and the architecture of sacred structures on the Way of St. James to Santiago de Compostela, a route that gained paramount importance for European Christians after the Holy Land sites became inaccessible in the Middle Ages. The primary objective is to analyze how the architectural design of churches actively shaped the psychological and spiritual experience of pilgrims. The study employs Richard Sennett's concept of "Mind-Sight" (Умо-Зрение) as its theoretical framework, which posits that spatial perception is formed through movement, tactile sensations, and interaction with the environment, rather than through visual contemplation alone. The research is grounded in the examination of specific case studies along the route, including the churches of Le Puy-en-Velay, Rocamadour, Cahors, Burgos, Oviedo, and the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. The authors demonstrate that these churches functioned as multi-level shelters—providing physical protection, ecclesiastical sanctuary, and divine refuge—which directly determined their architectural appearance. Through massive walls, stone vaults, elevated locations, or integration into caves, the architecture evoked feelings of security, reverence, and humility. The study concludes that these structures were not passive backdrops but active participants in the pilgrim's journey, transforming the pilgrimage into a continuous architectural and psychological experience that prepared the traveler for the final encounter with the sacred.

Keywords: the Way of St. James, pilgrimage churches, medieval architecture, Gothic architecture, Romanesque architecture

The article describes the method of architectural design of the ethnographic center, taking into account the historical background of the design of the dwelling of Kabardians (Adygs) and modern construction requirements. The pre-project study is based on the analysis of materials from early studies of the Kabardian dwelling, on the basis of which a round closed shape is proposed, which is present not only in descriptions of the architecture of the dwelling, but also in the dance "Uj". The rhythm of this dance can be used in the image of a building as a way to enhance architectural and artistic expression. This method takes into account the preservation and popularization of the cultural heritage of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in order to further increase the tourist attractiveness of the region.

Keywords: Adyghe, Kabardian and Circassian dwelling, tourist cluster, national architecture, ethnocultural tourism, Kabardian dance "Uj"

The paper presents the results of the study of the condition of wooden structures of the attic floor of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy of the Russian Orthodox Church. The main defects and damages of the rafter system elements are indicated. Conclusions are given on the physical and mechanical characteristics of a beam over 200 years old. Conclusions are made on measures to maintain the operability of the structures.

Keywords: load-bearing capacity of wooden structures, biodestructors, strength reduction, rafter system

The relevance of the research is driven by the critical state of a significant portion of the historical building stock in Russia, where interfloor slabs are the most vulnerable elements. The problem lies in the need to replace them with structures that meet modern standards for load-bearing capacity and fire safety, without increasing the load on the weakened foundations and walls.

Keywords: reconstruction, cultural heritage site, monolithic floor slab, void former, lightweight structure, load-bearing capacity, work procedure statement

The article explores the phenomenon of architectural palimpsest as a set of autonomous architectural solutions that have existed or have existed for a long time in one territory. Using the example of 5 territories of Yekaterinburg, the process of superimposing various architectural solutions and building life cycles is analyzed. The research methodology is based on the concept of a palimpsest as a multi-layered structure, where each historical layer retains its significance despite the appearance of new objects. The authors consider the palimpsest not only as an overlay of architectural solutions in an existing building, but also as a change of objects in a certain area. The practical part of the study includes an analysis of specific examples of Yekaterinburg: the TV tower, the Temp cinema, the Philharmonic Hall apartment building, the Ural Regional Industrial and Economic College and the Yarutin House. 

Keywords: palimpsest, overlay, demolition, liquidation, layers, history, urban research, memory, architecture, memorials, urban transformation, historical sites, architectural heritage

Mixed reality is penetrating deeper and faster into all aspects of our modern life. The influence of new technologies has not spared modern architecture, which aims to create not only beautiful, but also functional spaces and thus combines art and science. In addition to exploring examples of successful collaborations of artistic concepts and scientific principles in the design of spaces, the article will also consider the introduction of mixed reality into architectural projects. Let's explore exactly how the fields of art and science interact with each other. These two areas complement each other, creating a harmonious and practical environment for living, working and relaxing. This article examines the collaboration of art and science in the context of mixed reality architectural solutions.

Keywords: architecture, art, science, collaboration, mixed reality, platform, Art&Science, interaction, benefits, digital objects, visual component, joint projects

The autonomy of architecture is presented in the article as an option for a new disclosure of the possibilities of an architectural project, endowing global mega-projects with a unique quality of self-sufficiency, which is especially important in the context of renovation, reconstruction of lost buildings or the need for rapid changes. Analyzing innovative strategies for integrating energy generation, water supply, waste management, and food production systems directly into the architectural structure of the complexes, the article examines in detail the design principles that ensure flexibility, adaptability, and social orientation of autonomous multifunctional complexes. The aim of the work is to substantiate the need to move to a new standard for urban development design, where autonomy is considered not as an additional option, but as a key factor in ensuring sustainable development and improving the quality of life. Examples of architectural solutions are presented that demonstrate the potential of autonomous architecture in creating self-sufficient and environmentally friendly complexes that can reduce the burden on infrastructure and increase the resilience of cities to external influences.

Keywords: autonomy, architecture, multifunctional complex, architectural design, sustainable development

In the modern world, mixed reality technologies are increasingly being used and implemented. The allow you to create virtual objects in a real environment and provide human interaction with them, using different devices, basic element of enteractive interaction and artificial intelligence. The term «mixed reality», which appeared in the 20th century, had a significant impact on architecture, graphic design and art. This study examines an innovative approach to interacting with architectural objects through technologies of mixed reality of artificial intelligence. Also revealed the essence of interactive interaction with mixed reality, the way of identifying methods and forms. Studying modern methods will improve the educational process and increase the level of accessibility of knowledge about architectural objects, contributing to the preservation and dissemination of knowledge about cultural heritage.

Keywords: mixed reality, architecture, art, artificial intelligence, interactive technology, interactive interaction, educational experience, knowledge, modern methods

The article examines the architectural and planning features of the settlements of the Thai people in the North of Vietnam. It analyzes the origin of the ethnic group, identifies the area and landscape morphotypes of settlement, and examines the diversity of planning structures within the morphotypes. The article determines that the architectural type of the settlements is a house on stilts. Specific examples are provided. The article also notes the changes in living conditions in traditional Thai settlements due to urbanization. The goal is to develop measures at the state level to preserve the region's architectural identity.

Keywords: architectural and planning structure, traditional settlement, ethnic group, landscape morphotype, stilt house, northern Vietnam

The article examines the unique environment of the historical district of Parusinka in Ivangorod, which has been formed over more than two hundred years. The typology of the architectural and spatial environment has been determined based on a comprehensive analysis; each type of environment has its own unique potential and specific problems. The study highlights the need for an individual and fragmented approach to the revitalization of each territorial unit in order to preserve the "spirit of the place" and comprehensively optimize the district of the border city.

Keywords: Ivangorod, Narva Manufactory, historical environment, architectural and spatial environment, urban environment optimization, reconstruction, place identity

The article examines architectural approaches to the design of temporary museums and exhibition pavilions. Particular attention is paid to the concept of modularity as a tool for spatial adaptation and rapid installation, as well as mobility as a strategy for expanding cultural presence beyond stationary institutions. Historical and contemporary examples are analyzed, including so-called pop-up museums, container galleries, and disassemblable exhibition modules. The role of innovative materials, digital design, and transport logistics in the formation of a flexible architectural environment is emphasized.
The article reveals the potential of temporary exhibition structures as a tool for social inclusion, urban renewal and cultural decentralization. Special attention is paid to Russian and international experience. The modular museum is presented as a type of architecture sensitive to time, place and cultural context.

Keywords: museum, exhibition complex, architecture, modularity, mobility, flexibility, adaptability, design, construction

The article discusses the revitalization of industrial facilities of the elevator type, the current experience of restoration, renovation, reconstruction, and adaptation of such facilities to the modern needs of the urban environment. The article focuses on developing a theoretical model for the revitalization of former industrial facilities using the example of the Nevskaya Mlina flour mill in St. Petersburg. The article analyzes the architectural and spatial features, the potential for urban planning integration, and the functional reorientation of the facility. The principles of functional flexibility, architectural continuity, preservation of place memory, adaptive design, and sustainable urban integration became the basis for developing a theoretical model of revitalization for the Nevskaya Melnits flour mill. The practical result of solving the problem of transforming the flour mill in St. Petersburg is the versatility of its approach and the possibility of applying the proposed method to develop adaptation programs for other similar industrial facilities of the elevator type. 

Keywords: revitalization of industrial areas, renovation of flour mills, adaptation of industrial facilities, reconstruction of silos, elevator with silos towers

The article is dedicated to analyzing the changes in museum design in the context of the rapid integration of digital technologies. It examines the ways of integrating multimedia systems, virtual and augmented reality into the architectural structure of museum spaces. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign examples, new approaches to exhibition formation are identified, built on principles of flexibility, interactivity, and immersiveness. The emphasis is placed on the changes in typological models of museums: from traditionally hierarchical to adaptive, transformable formats. Special attention is given to the evolving role of the architect, acting as a mediator between digital scenarios and spatial expression. As a result, the museum of the future is envisioned as a complex spatial-technological ecosystem, in which architecture becomes an active participant in communication with visitors through digital content and technological interfaces.  

Keywords: typology, digitalization, museum, immersiveness, architecture, multimedia, museum of the future, design, digital exhibition, exhibition space

The article examines the problem of architectural and spatial formation of the living environment of multi-storey residential quarters based on their coloristic solution. The analysis of the coloristic organization of the living environment space in specific housing complexes of St. Petersburg is carried out. The features of coloristic solutions of facades in the formation of a large-scale architectural space are revealed using examples of the architecture of St. Petersburg. Negative and positive examples of the use of color graphics of residential buildings in accordance with the psychological perception of scale are given.

Keywords: scale of living environment, coloristics, supergraphics, architectural space, scale of facade, psychophysiological perception of color

The article describes practical experience in restoring the author's paintings using the example of the Stone Church of the Descent of the Holy Spirit at the Danilovsky Cemetery, Moscow. The purpose of this article is to show specific methodological solutions in the restoration process that help avoid design errors and preserve the historicism of the object. The essence of the restoration problems lies in the fact that there is an extensive scientific base, large scientific libraries, passports of restoration of objects, expert opinions and reviews, which include official data on the object, but do not have a description of the restoration process and descriptions of problems solved during the production process.

Keywords: architecture, restoration, scientific restoration, painting in the temple, cultural heritage sites, authenticity, historicism

By the end of the 19th century, Azov continued to expand and increase its population. To ensure permanent medical care, it was decided to build a city hospital. Not immediately, but the hospital took its rightful place, and the institution has not moved since then. The architectural planning organization of the buildings and the site does not fully comply with the standards of the construction time: the organization of the general plan and the site are atypical in some places, but modern. However, the planning solutions in some places are questionable, which may be the reason for the fact that the Duma did not accept the object from the contractor for a long time. Today, the ensemble is an architectural monument of regional significance and continues to fulfill its main function, gradually expanding and adapting to the needs of the time.

Keywords: Azov, ensemble, architecture, hospital, hospital complex, city, history, cultural heritage site, Rostov region, Sokolov

Abstract: During the colonial period, the urban development policy of Guangzhou changed dramatically. These changes were the result of the collision and interaction of social, economic, cultural and other factors. This article examines the features of Guangzhou's urban development policy during the colonial period. By identifying and analyzing the features of Guangzhou's urban planning at different times during the colonial period, its changing urban development characteristics are explored. Knowledge of the spatial characteristics of Guangzhou's architectural environment during the colonial period provides a basis for future development of the foundations for the preservation and sustainable development of modern Guangzhou and other cities in China.

Keywords: Guangzhou, colonial period, opium wars, urban development policy, features of urban planning

The use of wooden elements to distribute loads from overlying structures to artificial and natural foundations has been known since ancient times. The most striking example known from ancient Greek epics is the description of the structure of the foundation of the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus (construction began around 550 BC). One of the seven wonders of the world was built in a seismic zone, but in a swampy part to minimize impacts. In those ancient times, the architects Chersiphron and Metagenom decided to lay burnt oak trunks in the foundation to evenly distribute loads on the foundation and reduce the settlement of the cyclopean structure by the standards of that time. Similar solutions were used by the architects of the Trans-Urals (Arkaim and settlements in the area of ​​the Karagayly-Ayat River), the ancient Roman port of Londinium, as well as the Neolithic dwellings in Lac de Chalen. The results of the conducted research show the technical regularities of the device of wooden grillages, ridge and sleeper structural elements in the foundation of objects of historical and architectural heritage in the architectural and construction art from ancient times to the present day. The work presents the results of the natura research, which showed the possibility of continuing the operation of buildings and structures using the specified structures.

Keywords: objects of historical and architectural heritage, dispersed environment, soil massif, artificial foundations, wooden piles, sleepers, crib foundation structures, loss of wood

The article explores parametric wooden installations to reimagine public architecture by combining the natural properties of wood with computational strategies. It explores how iterative modeling, digital fabrication and user-centric awareness reveal aesthetic and structural possibilities in open or semi-public spaces. A qualitative approach that combines experimental design, prototypes, and field feedback shows that it is effective in creating interactive forms, optimizing material use, and promoting community participation. While environmental factors and cultural ideas influence longevity, the results highlighted by the ZCB bamboo pavilion as an example of how digital workflows are adapted to sustainability, craft traditions and changing needs, ultimately confirming the promise of these structures to architects, policymakers and communities.

Keywords: parametric design, urban architecture, wooden installations, prototypes, digital fabrication, zcb bamboo pavilion, sustainability, digital form, lightweight, innovation

This article examines the main architectural principles of existing mosques in the South of Russia, such as: space-planning solutions, functional zoning, architectural and artistic and urban planning features. The article provides an overview of existing mosques in Astrakhan, Vladikavkaz, Grozny, Yevpatoriya and Rostov-on-Don. The analysis of existing mosques helps to formulate key architectural, planning and urban planning aspects in the design of modern mosques.

Keywords: mosque, minaret, mosque architecture, sacred architecture, Islam, landscaping, religious building, functional zoning of a mosque, space-planning solutions for a mosque, urban planning features of a mosque

The authors examine facade elements that were typical for residential buildings in Astrakhan in the first half of the 19th century. As in other Russian cities, housing construction here was carried out according to "exemplary" projects using classical architectural details. The study describes iconic architectural monuments with order decor of facades, as well as such common elements in Astrakhan as triangular pediments, simplified and shortened modillions, dormers and classical window frames. A unique feature of Astrakhan residential architecture is the yard galleries designed as colonnades of the transformed Tuscan order. In conclusion, the authors note that the facade elements generally followed the order and classical models, but were often simplified and loosely interpreted.

Keywords: classicism, residential architecture, "exemplary" project, architectural order, facade element, yard gallery, architectural heritage of Astrakhan

The article examines the Lepeshinsky House in Nalchik as a significant architectural and cultural heritage site. It describes the historical aspects of its construction in the late 19th century, architectural features and artistic elements that make the building unique. The authors emphasize the importance of preserving this monument for future generations and its role in shaping the cultural identity of the region. The article also discusses current problems of the building’s operation and plans for its restoration aimed at restoring its historical appearance and preventing further destruction. Key aspects include the need to protect cultural heritage and draw public attention to the significance of such objects for the history and culture of the people.

Keywords: Lepeshinsky House, Nalchik, architectural heritage, cultural heritage, historical building, restoration, preservation, architectural features, mansion, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

The use of wooden elements to distribute loads from overlying structures to artificial and natural foundations has been known since ancient times. The most striking example known from ancient Greek epics is the description of the structure of the foundation of the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus (construction began around 550 BC). One of the seven wonders of the world was built in a seismic zone, but in a swampy part to minimize impacts. In those ancient times, the architects Chersiphron and Metagenom decided to lay burnt oak trunks in the foundation to evenly distribute loads on the foundation and reduce the settlement of the cyclopean structure by the standards of that time. Similar solutions were used by the architects of the Trans-Urals (Arkaim and settlements in the area of ​​the Karagayly-Ayat River), the ancient Roman port of Londinium, as well as the Neolithic dwellings in Lac de Chalen. The results of the conducted research show the technical regularities of the device of wooden grillages, ridge and sleeper structural elements in the foundation of objects of historical and architectural heritage in the architectural and construction art from ancient times to the present day. The work presents the results of the natura research, which showed the possibility of continuing the operation of buildings and structures using the specified structures.

Keywords: objects of historical and architectural heritage, dispersed environment, soil massif, artificial foundations, wooden piles, sleepers, crib foundation structures, loss of wood